An economic approach to malevolence

Economic analysis is limited without logical justification to benevolence. This paper introduces an analysis of malevolence. It assumes that malevolence may be structural or conjunctural. We distinguish between psychology and behavior of individuals. Conjuctural malevolence may occur when behavior is no more consistent with psychology.Malevolence, benevolence

On Genocide, Economic Reasons vs. Ethnic Passion

The traditional vision of genocide is exogenous. In this framework, ethnies have a real sense. The economic approach of conflicts has expressed slight differences in the relation between ethnies and conflicts. However it does not reject this explanation. Here we propose an alternative approach, an endogenous vision of genocide. Genocide appears in society where social capital plays a major role in solidarities. But social capital is a weak asset in the individual portfolio. Economic and social shocks may have impacts on the assets structure and may produce conflicts such as genocide. In this new framework, policy makers may have to adopt prudential rules.Conflicts, Ethnocide, Genocide, Policies implications, Social capital

Archaebiotics: Archaea as Pharmabiotics for Treating Chronic Disease in Humans?

Recent findings highlight the role of the human gut microbiota in various disorders. For example, atherosclerosis frequently seems to be the consequence of gut microbiota–derived metabolism of some dietary components. Pharmabiotics (i.e., live/dead microbes and microbe-derived substances) and probiotics (live microorganisms with a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts) are a means to counteract these deleterious effects. Among the latter, microbes now being used or, being currently developed, are bacteria and eukaryotes (yeasts), so omitting the third domain of life—the archaea, despite their unique properties that could be of great interest to human health. Here, we promote the idea that some specific archaea are potential next-generation probiotics. This is based on an innovative example of the bioremediation of a gut microbial metabolite. Indeed, besides the fact that they are archaea (i.e. originating from a domain of life from which no pathogens of humans/animals/plants are currently known), they are rationally selected based on (i) being naturally human-hosted, (ii) having a unique metabolism not performed by other human gut microbes, (iii) depleting a deleterious atherogenic compound generated by the human gut microbiota and (iv) generating a health inert gas

Evaluation of voriconazole anti-Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro activity, rat cornea penetration and efficacy against experimental rat Acanthamoeba keratitis

International audienceBackground: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening infectious disease. Its effective and safe medical therapy remains highly debated. Recently, voriconazole, a monotriazole with noted in vitro activity against a large variety of fungi, has been successfully used both topically and systemically to treat human AK cases.Objectives: To measure anti-Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro activity, anti-rat AK efficiency and rat cornea penetration of eye-drop and oral voriconazole.Methods: A. polyphaga was maintained in axenic cultures. In vitro, amoebicidal and cysticidal activities of voriconazole were measured using an XTT assay. AK lesions of Sprague Dawley rats were scored from grade 0 to grade 3. For 21 days, from day 7 post-infection, voriconazole (1% solution) eye drops were instilled or voriconazole was administered by gavage (60 mg/kg/day). After killing, superficial corneal epithelium scrapings were cultured and analysed by PCR, and eye-globe histology was performed. Cornea and plasma concentrations were determined using 2D HPLC separation and tandem MS.Results: In vitro, voriconazole inhibited trophozoite proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.02 mg/L and an IC90 value of 2.86 mg/L; no cysticidal effect was found. In AK rats, eye drops reduced clinical worsening from day 7 to day 14 post-infection and oral voriconazole was not effective. Voriconazole cornea concentrations were directly dependent on the frequency of eye-drop instillations, which resulted in lower plasma concentrations, whilst oral voriconazole resulted in lower cornea concentrations.Conclusions: Present data underline the need for high-frequency eye-drop instillation regimens for efficient AK therapy

Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet actualmente Royal Ballet

Empresa: José F. ArquerOrquestra Simfònica del Gran Teatre del LiceuPresentació de la temporada de ballet de la primavera del 1957, a càrrec de la companyia Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet (Royal Ballet), amb el següent repertori: La féte etrange de G. Fauré ; Giselle d'A. Adam ; The Rake's Progress de G. Gordon ; El lago de los cisnes de P.I. Txaikovski ; Pineapple Poll d'A. Sullivan ; Blood Wedding ; The Haunted Ballroom de G. Toye ; House of Birds de F. Mompou ; Apparitions de F. Listz ; Beauty and the Beast ; Danses Concertantes d'I. Stravinsky ; El pájaro azul de P.I. Txaikovski ; Solitaire de M. Arnold ; Las Sílfides; Les patineurs; El cisne negro; Façade de W. Walton ; Coppelia de L. Delibes ; Les rendez-vous de D. AuberDe cada obra s'ha digitalitzat un programa sencer. De la resta s'han digitalitzat les parts que són diferents

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