Outcome from Spontaneous CP Violation for B Decays

In the aspon model solution of the strong $CP$ problem, there is a gauged $U(1)$ symmetry, spontaneously broken by the same vacuum expectation value which breaks $CP$, whose massive gauge boson provides an additional mechanism of weak $CP$ violation. We calculate the $CP$ asymmetries in $B$ decays for the aspon model and show that they are typically smaller than those predicted from the standard model. A linear relation between the $CP$ asymmetries of different decay processes is obtained.Comment: REVTEX, 9 pages, IFP-486-UNC, NSF-PT-94-1, and UDHEP-01-9

The number of negative modes of the oscillating bounces

The spectrum of small perturbations about oscillating bounce solutions recently discussed in the literature is investigated. Our study supports quite intuitive and expected result: the bounce with N nodes has exactly N homogeneous negative modes. Existence of more than one negative modes makes obscure the relation of these oscillating bounce solutions to the false vacuum decay processes.Comment: LaTex, 6 pages, including 3 figure

Cabibbo Mixing and the Search for CP Violation

We examine certain extensions of the standard model in which $CP$ violation is spontaneous and the strong $CP$ problem is resolved. In these models, the $3 \times 3$ quark mixing matrix is neither real nor unitary. However, to a precision of 0.1%, it is real and orthogonal. There are no readily observable $CP$-violating effects besides those in the neutral kaon system.Comment: 6 pages, latex, no figure

Single vector leptoquark production at hadron colliders due to direct lepton-gluon interaction

The cross section of single vector leptoquark production in direct lepton-gluon interaction is calculated. In a model independent analysis an effective Lagrangian describing the most general $C$ and $P$ conserving coupling of the leptoquarks to gluons is considered. An analytical expression is derived for the cross section in the case of anomalous vector leptoquark couplings to the gluon field. The cross sections of inclusive production of ($eq$)-, ($\mu q$)- and ($\tau q$)-type vector leptoquarks in $ep$ and $pp$ collisions due to direct lepton-gluon interaction are evaluated for $q=u, b, t$. Dependences of the cross sections on the anomalous couplings are investigated. The obtained results can be useful for studies at $ep$ colliders and the LHC.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures. A new figure inserted. Text in the conclusions added. Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Vacuum Decay in Theories with Symmetry Breaking by Radiative Corrections

The standard bounce formalism for calculating the decay rate of a metastable vacuum cannot be applied to theories in which the symmetry breaking is due to radiative corrections, because in such theories the tree-level action has no bounce solutions. In this paper I derive a modified formalism to deal with such cases. As in the usual case, the bubble nucleation rate may be written in the form $A e^{-B}$. To leading approximation, $B$ is the bounce action obtained by replacing the tree-level potential by the leading one-loop approximation to the effective potential, in agreement with the generally adopted {\it ad hoc} remedy. The next correction to $B$ (which is proportional to an inverse power of a small coupling) is given in terms of the next-to-leading term in the effective potential and the leading correction to the two-derivative term in the effective action. The corrections beyond these (which may be included in the prefactor) do not have simple expressions in terms of the effective potential and the other functions in the effective action. In particular, the scalar-loop terms which give an imaginary part to the effective potential do not explicitly appear; the corresponding effects are included in a functional determinant which gives a manifestly real result for the nucleation rate.Comment: 39 pages, CU-TP-57

Cubic Mass Relation in SU(3)×U(1)\rm SU(3)\times U(1) Electroweak Theory

In the 331 model, lepton number may be explicitly broken by trilinear scalar self couplings. This leads to neutrino masses proportional to the cube of the corresponding charged lepton mass, with consequences for solar neutrinos and for hot dark matter.Comment: 12 pages (3 figures appended to RevTeX file), IFP-465-UN

Zee Model Confronts SNO Data

We reexamine the solution of the minimal Zee model by comparing with the data of the SNO experiment, and conclude that the model is strongly disfavored but not yet excluded by the observations. Two extensions of the Zee model are briefly discussed both of which introduce additional freedom and can accommodate the data.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX including 7 figure

The Association between Vitamin D Receptor Expression and Prolonged Overall Survival in Breast Cancer.

Summary In this study, we analyzed vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression and survival in a breast cancer patient cohort of 82 breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was possible in 91.5% of the patients (75/82). Staining was evaluated using the semi-quantitative assay according to Remmele and Stegner (immunoreactivity score [IRS]). IRS 0–1 was negative/very low, IRS 2–4 was moderate to high, and IRS 6–12 was high. Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman’s correlation test (p<0.05 significant). Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimations. Only 6 patients had a negative IRS. Moderate IRS values were present in 20 patients. Most of the patients had a high IRS (49). For survival analysis, data were dichotomized (IRS 0–4: negative to moderate and IRS 6–12: high VDR expression). In univariate analysis, VDR expression showed significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients with high IRS scores showed significantly better PFS and OS than patients with moderate/negative IRS scores for VDR expression. Tumor size was significantly correlated to PFS. When analyzed separately, the three different IRS groups showed significant differences in VDR expression. The present data suggest that VDR expression in breast cancer tissue may be of clinical significance, and the results provide evidence that VDR may be a factor with prognostic relevance. (J Histochem Cytochem 60:121–129, 2012). Keywords: breast cancer, vitamin D receptor, immunohistochemistry, prognosi

Testing, testing, one, two, three: Service user evaluation of three standard measures of mental health and well‐being in an online counselling and support service for children and young people

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record Assessment measures have been widely adopted into mental health settings incorporating idiographic (personalised) and nomothetic (standardised) approaches. Online mental health support services have developed significantly, but with very little testing of these measures. This study assesses the relative merits of acceptability, applicability and appropriateness of assessment measures online for children and young people. Acceptability was determined by whether users elected to complete the measure, applicability by whether they understood the questions, and appropriateness by their experience of completing the measure. Three measures, the Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Emotional and Mental Well‐Being Scale (SWEMWBS), the Young Person's Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (YP‐CORE) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), were randomly offered to 7,235 new registrations to assess relative acceptability of the measures, and two follow‐up questions were asked to assess applicability and appropriateness. The chi‐square tests of independence were calculated to compare response rates for each measure, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons and effect size calculations. There was a high level of acceptability of the measures, with statistically significant differences between the less‐accepted SDQ and more‐accepted SWEMWBS. For applicability, the SWEMWBS was less understood and relatable than the other assessment measures. All the measures demonstrated a tolerable appropriateness. All differences were indicated at a small effect size. These findings support the acceptability, applicability and appropriateness of the use of assessment measures in an online setting. The SWEMWBS demonstrated surprisingly low applicability against the more clinical measures, suggesting further investigation into how young people ascribe meaning to the measures, and their motivations for completing them

Nonlinear equations for p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings

We investigate the structure of solutions of boundary value problems for a one-dimensional nonlinear system of pseudodifferential equations describing the dynamics (rolling) of p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings for a scalar tachyon field using the method of successive approximations. For an open-closed string, we prove that the method converges for odd values of p of the form p=4n+1 under the condition that the solution for the closed string is known. For p=2, we discuss the questions of the existence and the nonexistence of solutions of boundary value problems and indicate the possibility of discontinuous solutions appearing.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure