Foreign body in airways in childhood

Em revisão de 356 endoscopias respiratórias rígidas realizadas em crianças do Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, no período de março/1989 a março/ 1992, foram observadas 26 crianças com corpo estranho na via aérea. O material estranho na via aérea foi mais freqüente em crianças de um a três anos de idade. A história sugestiva de aspiração estava presente em 770Jo desses pacientes e os achados clínicos associados significativamente com este diagnóstico foram diminuição unilateral do murmúrio vesicular e sibilância localizada. O exame radiológico de tórax foi normal em um paciente (4%); as alterações observadas nos demais indicaram que a atelectasia e a hiperinsuflação localizada estiveram significativamente associadas à presença de corpo estranho na via aérea. Todos os materiais estranhos foram retirados por meio de endoscopia; o mais comum deles foi o grão de amendoim.Reviewing 356 rigid respiratory endoscopies in infants and children of the Santo Antônio Children's Hospital, from March, 1989 to March, 1992, in 26 patients foreign bodies in the airways were detected. It was more frequent in children between one and three years. A suggestive history of aspiration was present in 77% of these patients, and the clinicai associated findings were decreased breath sounds and localized wheezing. The radiological study was normal in only one patient; the findings observed in the others indicated that atelectasis and localized air trapping were significantly associated with the presence of foreign body in the airway. Ali the foreign bodies were removed by bronchoscopy. The most frequent foreign body detected peanut

Does parental opinion differ from the health care team regarding cosmesis after hypospadias repair?

OBJECTIVE: Hypospadias is the most common malformation of the male genitalia. Surgical correction has traditionally focused on anatomic and functional outcomes, with less attention being paid to cosmetic results. Our purpose is to compare the cosmetic results of hypospadias repair among different groups of observers, namely the patient’s family and the health care team, using photography and a simple rating scale. METHODS: Prospective observational study included 9 boys undergoing Snodgrass hypospadias repair. Photographs of the penis taken before, immediately after, and six months after surgery were assessed by a panel of 15 observers (parents and health care team) and a scale including three questions with diagrams for comparison with the pictures was used. Observers also assigned an overall postoperative score for the cosmetic result. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was noted for the group of parents of other children with hypospadias regarding the shape of the glans (k=0.404; p=0.008) and for the group of pediatric surgeons regarding the degree of residual curvature (k=0.467; p=0.005). Two observers in the pediatrician group have indicated good performance in the assessment of residual curvature (k=0.609; P=0.024). In the overall assessment of cosmetic outcomes, the highest scores were assigned by observers in the parents group and in the pediatrician group, while the pediatric surgeons group has one of the lowest scores (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Photography appears to be suitable for documenting corrections of hypospadias regarding penile curvature, and postoperative cosmetic result. Surgeons seem more concerned about cosmesis than parents

Complex ventral hernia repair in a child : an association of botulinumtoxin, progressive pneumoperitoneum and negative pressure therapy : a case report on an arising surgical technique

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this manuscript is to report the management of a child born with giantomphalocele (GO) that developed a complex ventral hernia secondary to an unsuccessful attempt ofclosing the primary defect. PRESENTATION OF CASE: The patient underwent a one-step surgery to correct a ventral hernia associatedwith a largely prolapsed enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) along with an ileostomy. It was managed bya pre-operative association of botulinum toxin agent (BTA) application with preoperative progressivepneumoperitoneum (PPP) and trans-operative negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressing withstaged abdominal closure. The patient needed 4 reoperations due to enteric fistulas. Nine days after thefirst surgery, it was possible to completely close the abdominal wall without mesh substitution. No signsof hernia in 9 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION: This is the second report in the literature and it reinforces the safety and effectiveness ofthe BTA injection associated with PPP in children. CONCLUSION: The use of BTA in association with PPP should be encouraged and best investigated inpatients with GO. The fistulas were not attributed to the negative pressure. Maybe it is time to startdefining better criteria to categorize GO in order to choose the best management for each patient