Structure and magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe85.4Hf1.4B13.2 alloy

Purpose: The forming of magnetic properties of the nanocrystalline Fe-based are different than those in conventional ferromagnetic materials that is: the soft magnetic properties increase with decreasing of grain size of crystalline phase Design/methodology/approach: The nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys could be obtain by many different methods, in this work first amorphous ribbons were obtained by planar-flow casting method and after that amorphous precursor were heat treated. The changes of structure associated to crystallization was investigated by X-ray diffractometry, the analysis of Mössbauer spectra made it possible to determine the average hyperfine field and volume fractions of α Fe crystalline phase. The changes of coercive force (Hc) of tapes were investigated using coerciometer with the terrestrial magnetic field compensation. Findings: The obtained results of investigations shows that crystallization process of amorphous Fe85.4Hf1.4B13.2 allowed to form nanocrystalline structure. This crystallization process has two-stages character and exhibit redistribution of the phases stages. The changes of magnetic properties has been observed with increasing the temperature annealing of investigated alloy. The coercive force is decreasing and minimum Hc is obtained at temperature 523 K. The obtained results showed clearly that for examined alloy is possible to determine the specific thermal treatment conditions (Top) causing an improvement of the magnetic properties. Practical implications: The possibility of optimization of soft magnetic properties is obtaining by the use of controlled crystallization of amorphous alloys. Originality/value: It has been found that the Fe85.4Hf1.4B13.2 alloys consisting of a mostly single bcc structure with nanoscale grains exhibit much better soft magnetic properties than in example well-known nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 . The group of Fe – M – B alloys is called NANOPERMTM. From a viewpoint of industrial application they are very attractive materials especially because of the highest BS among the nanocrystalline alloy

Factors affecting the level of damage by wild boar in farmlands in north-eastern Poland

Frąckowiak, W., Gorczyca, S., Merta, D., Wojciuch-Płoskonka, M

Pulsar shadow as the origin of double notches in radio pulse profiles

We present the model of eclipsing a rotating, spatially extended source of directional emission by a central absorber, and apply it to the pulsar magnetosphere. The model assumes the radially extended inward radio emission along the local direction of the magnetic field, and the pulsar as the absorber. The geometry of the magnetic field lines of the rotating dipole is favourable for the double eclipse events, which we identify with the double notches observed in pulse profiles of nearby pulsars. For pulsars with large dipole inclinations 70 <~ alpha <~ 110 deg the double notches are predicted to occur within a narrow phase range of 20 to 30 deg before the main radio peak. Application of the model to PSR B0950+08 establishes it as a nearly orthogonal rotator (alpha =~ 75 deg, beta =~ -10 deg) with many pulse components naturally interpreted in terms of the inward radio emission from a large range of altitudes. The inward components include the intermittently strong, leading component of the main pulse, which would traditionally have been interpeted as a conal emission in the outward direction. The model also identifies the magnetic field lines along which the radially extended inward radio emission occurs in B0950+08. These have a narrow range of the footprint parameter s close to 1.1 (closed field line region, near the last open field lines). We describe directional characteristics of inward emission from the radially extended region and compare them with characteristics of extended outward emission. Our work shows that pulse profiles of at least some pulsars may be a superposition of both inward and outward emission.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ, high-quality figures are available from http://www.ncac.torun.pl/~michalf/inward1_figs

Affective interpersonal touch in close relationships: a cross-cultural perspective

Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch

Designing technological processes of axisymmetrical drawpieces on CNC spinning machines

W artykule przedstawiono klasyfikację procesów kształtowania obrotowego z uwzględnieniem najnowszych metod kształtowania wyrobów osiowosymetrycznych. Omówiono najczęściej występujące wady w wytłoczkach kształtowanych obrotowo oraz wpływ parametrów procesów technologicznych na ich powstawanie oraz różne rodzaje ruchów roboczych narzędzi. Opisano takze metodykę projektowania trajektorii i rodzaje ruchów roboczych rolek występujące w procesie kształtowania obrotowego wytłoczek.The paper presents a classification of rotary forming processes considering the latest methods of forming axi-symmetrical products. The most often occurring defects of rotarily formed drawpieces have been discussed and so has the influence of the technological process parameters on their presence, as well as various kinds of tool motions. The methodology of trajectory designing and kinds of working motions of rollers occurring in the process of rotary forming of drawpieces have also been described

Minimalizacja odpadów technologicznych podczas procesu wykrawania blachy dla wieczek typu Twist-Off

Innovative solutions of waste products minimization in the process of disks of tinned sheet cutting out by plastic working method are described in this article. Influence of various possibilities of allowances minimization in sheet cutting out process for Twist Off covers production have been analyzed in the work. The way cutting off the sheet delivered into the press and the sheet allowances between cut out surfaces have important meaning in the process. New solution of the shear edges shape for the sheet cutting off and blanking tool cutting edges new position making possible of the waste products minimization have been described in the work.W artykule przedstawiono innowacyjne rozwiązania minimalizacji odpadów technologicznych podczas wycinania krążków z blachy ocynowanej metodą obróbki plastycznej. Wykonano analizę wpływu różnych sposobów minimalizacji naddatków podczas wykrawania blachy dla wieczek Twist-Off. Istotne znaczenie podczas wycinania blach ma sposób rozkroju blachy dostarczanej do prasy oraz naddatki blachy między wykrawanymi krążkami. Opracowano nowe rozwiązanie kształtu krawędzi nożyc do rozkroju blachy oraz położenie krawędzi tnących wykrojnika, umożliwiające minimalizację odpadów

The caudal intercarotid artery in species of order perissodactyla

The caudal intercarotid artery was investigated in 6 species of Equidae family and in lowland tapir of Tapiridae family. It was found that this artery connects bilateral intracranial segments of the internal carotid artery. It is located in the cavernous and intercavernous sinuses, caudal to the hypophysis. This artery being constant vessel in horse, is also permanent vessel in other species of Equidae family. It is homologous with anastomising vessel in fishes, amphibia, reptiles and birds