Chemical analysis of pottery demonstrates prehistoric origin for high-altitude alpine dairying

The European high Alps are internationally renowned for their dairy produce, which are of huge cultural and economic significance to the region. Although the recent history of alpine dairying has been well studied, virtually nothing is known regarding the origins of this practice. This is due to poor preservation of high altitude archaeological sites and the ephemeral nature of transhumance economic practices. Archaeologists have suggested that stone structures that appear around 3,000 years ago are associated with more intense seasonal occupation of the high Alps and perhaps the establishment of new economic strategies. Here, we report on organic residue analysis of small fragments of pottery sherds that are occasionally preserved both at these sites and earlier prehistoric rock-shelters. Based mainly on isotopic criteria, dairy lipids could only be identified on ceramics from the stone structures, which date to the Iron Age (ca. 3,000 - 2,500 BP), providing the earliest evidence of this practice in the high Alps. Dairy production in such a marginal environment implies a high degree of risk even by today’s standards. We postulate that this practice was driven by population increase and climate deterioration that put pressure on lowland agropastoral systems and the establishment of more extensive trade networks, leading to greater demand for highly nutritious and transportable dairy products

Violent Governance, Identity and the Production of Legitimacy: Autodefensas in Latin America

This article examines the intersections of violence, governance, identity and legitimacy in relation to autodefensas (self-defence groups) in Latin America, focusing on Mexico and Colombia. By shifting focus from the question of where legitimacy lies to how it is produced and contested by a range of groups, we challenge the often presumed link between the state and legitimacy. We develop the idea of a field of negotiation and contestation, firstly, to discuss and critique the concept of state failure as not merely a Western hegemonic claim but also a strategic means of producing legitimacy by autodefensas. Secondly, we employ and enrich the notion of violent pluralism to discuss the pervasiveness of violence and the role of neoliberalism, and to address the question of non-violent practices of governance. We argue that the idea of a field of contestation and negotiation helps to understand the complexity of relationships that encompass the production of legitimacy and identity through (non)violent governance, whereby lines between (non)state, (non)violence, and (il)legitimacy blur and transform. Yet, we do not simply dismiss (binary) distinctions as these continue to be employed by groups in their efforts to produce, justify, challenge, contest and negotiate their own and others’ legitimacy and identity

Les formes de la vie pastorale en Turquie.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Meddelanden Fran Upsala Universitets Geografiska Instititution Ser. A. No: 0 41, Geografiska Annaler Haft 4, 1944

L'évolution du paysage rural en Suède

Frödin John. L'évolution du paysage rural en Suède. In: L'information géographique, volume 12, n°2, 1948. pp. 43-49

La Turquie orientale. Etude de géographie régionale

Frödin J. La Turquie orientale. Etude de géographie régionale. In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°190-191, 25e année, Janvier-février 1948. pp. 2-12

Turkiska Armenien och Kurdistan.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Turkiska Armenien Och Kurdistan-- Arsbok: Kungl. Vetenskapssocietetens, 1948

Neuere kulturgeographische wandlungen in der östlichen Türkei.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Nr.1/2, 1944

Géographie Physique de l'Ouest du Maroc

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