Évaluation des technologies pour la santé et l'autonomie : vers un modèle transversal et modulaire : illustration par la technologie robotique

Introduction : répondant simultanément au défi démographique du vieillissement et à l’enjeu de développement économique d’une société en crise, la Gérontechnologie et la Silver Économie permettent avant tout de combler le fossé intergénérationnel. Les Technologies pour la Santé et l’Autonomie (TSA) sont un des éléments centraux de ce projet. Leur évaluation est nécessaire afin d’identifier les plus pertinentes. Or, l’afflux massif des TSA nécessite un nouveau modèle d’organisation de l’évaluation. <br>Méthode : une modélisation du processus d’innovation et d’évaluation sert à la constitution d’un cahier des charges à partir duquel un modèle alternatif est élaboré. Celui-ci est mis à l’épreuve par la suite. <br>Résultats : la proposition de modèle exploite une ontologie basée sur neuf dimensions de l’évaluation. La plus petite unité d’information de l’évaluation est identifiée et standardisée. Un espace de partage des résultats est proposé. La mise à l’épreuve d’un composant du modèle, l’évaluation courte impliquant des usagers, a démontré la faisabilité et la pertinence de ce format.<br>Conclusion : la standardisation de l’évaluation ne doit pas concernée les méthodes appliquées mais les informations élémentaires rapportées. Le double niveau d’organisation proposé, niveau national avec une plateforme virtuelle d’échange, niveau local avec les gérontopôles, vise un partage optimal des expériences et des résultats, favorable à l’édition de recommandations utiles aux concepteurs de TSA

Characteristics of morbidity and mortality conferences associated with the implementation of patient safety improvement initiatives, an observational study

International audienceBACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of morbidity and mortality conferences (MMCs) associated with the implementation of patient health-care quality and safety improvement initiatives.METHODS:We conducted an observational study of MMCs and followed up improvement initiatives for 1 year. Data on MMC baseline characteristics were abstracted using document analysis and observation of a meeting in three university hospitals in France (Grenoble, Nice, and Cochin [Paris] hospitals). Fifty-nine MMCs were included in medical (n = 24), surgical (n = 21), and anesthesiology and/or intensive care (n = 14) departments. An effectiveness index was computed by summing a composite score for each initiative pertaining to the MMC.RESULTS:Overall, 282 initiatives were identified in 42 MMCs. During the follow-up period, 215 initiatives (76%) were totally or partially implemented and the impact was evaluated for 73 (26%). An effectiveness index higher than the median (i.e., ≥10) was associated with a standardized presentation of cases (81% versus 29%, p <0.001), recording of improvement initiatives (94 versus 57, p = 0.001), the existence of an annual activity report (94% versus 68%, p = 0.01), the prior dissemination of a meeting agenda (71% versus 36%, p = 0.007), longer meeting duration (109 versus 80 min, p = 0.005), anesthesiology and/or intensive care specialty (39% versus 7%, p = 0.02), a theme-focused MMC (29% versus 4 %, p = 0.01), and a thorough analysis of failures (58% versus 25%, p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that the implementation of improvement initiatives relates to MCC characteristics. Recommendations for developing more effective patient safety-oriented MMCs can be proposed

Assessment of the contribution of morbidity and mortality conferences to quality and safety improvement: a survey of participants’ perceptions

International audienc

Fairy-Tale Narratives in Dramas and Prose Fiction of Iva Peřinová

The following work from the field of czech literature for children will be focused on the interpretation of the literaty piece of work by writer Iva Peřinová. The first concentrates on the specifics of the motives and themes, refering to the standard puppet play and fairy-tails model. The second part of the thesis observes the poetics of Peřinova's fairy tails, paying a special attention to her narrative stragies, the way of the construction of the fairy tail characters and to the regularities of the composition. Keywords: Iva Peřinová, puppet play, parody, fairy-tail, ironydivadlo, drama, ironi

The OncoAge Consortium: Linking Aging and Oncology from Bench to Bedside and Back Again

It is generally accepted that carcinogenesis and aging are two biological processes, which are known to be associated. Notably, the frequency of certain cancers (including lung cancer), increases significantly with the age of patients and there is now a wealth of data showing that multiple mechanisms leading to malignant transformation and to aging are interconnected, defining the so-called common biology of aging and cancer. OncoAge, a consortium launched in 2015, brings together the multidisciplinary expertise of leading public hospital services and academic laboratories to foster the transfer of scientific knowledge rapidly acquired in the fields of cancer biology and aging into innovative medical practice and silver economy development. This is achieved through the development of shared technical platforms (for research on genome stability, (epi)genetics, biobanking, immunology, metabolism, and artificial intelligence), clinical research projects, clinical trials, and education. OncoAge focuses mainly on two pilot pathologies, which benefit from the expertise of several members, namely lung and head and neck cancers. This review outlines the broad strategic directions and key advances of OncoAge and summarizes some of the issues faced by this consortium, as well as the short- and long-term perspectives