Predictors of mental well-being over the first lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France. A repeated cross-sectional study

IntroductionNumerous studies have investigated the positive and negative effects of potential predictors of well-being during lockdowns due to COVID-19. Yet, little is known on whether these effects significantly changed with time spent in lockdown. In the current study, we described the association of mental well-being with a large number of background characteristics (e.g., socio-demographic or health-related factors), COVID-related factors, and coping strategies, over the duration of the first lockdown due to COVID-19 in France.MethodsA nationwide online survey was conducted over 7 of the 8 weeks of the 1st lockdown in France, i.e., from 25 March 2020 to 10 May 2020. The level of mental well-being was reported using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). We also measured various background characteristics (e.g., age, sex, education, health issues), COVID-related factors (e.g., health and economic risks, agreement with lockdown), and coping strategies. Our analytical strategy enabled us to disentangle effects aggregated over the study period from those that linearly vary with time spent in lockdown.ResultsOur final dataset included 18,957 participants. The level of mental well-being dropped gradually from the third to the eighth week of lockdown [49.7 (sd 7.9) to 45.5 (sd 10.6)]. Time in lockdown was associated with a decrease in well-being (for each additional 10 days of lockdown: B = −0.30, 95%CI: −0.62, −0.15). Factors that showed significantly negative and positive effects on well-being as time in lockdown progressed were (for each additional 10 days of lockdown): having current psychiatric problems (B = −0.37; 95%CI: −0.63, −0.04), worries about having access to personal protective equipment (B = −0.09; 95%CI: −0.18, −0.01), coping by having positive beliefs about the future of the pandemics (B = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.62), being supported by neighbors (B = 0.24; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.44), and being involved in collective actions (B = 0.23; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.46).DiscussionParticipants from our sample saw a drop in their mental well-being throughout the first period of COVID-19 lockdown. Policymakers should be mindful of factors contributing to greater deterioration of mental well-being over time, such as having current psychiatric issues. Promoting collective actions and local support from neighbors may alleviate the deterioration of mental well-being over time

Auditory hallucinations and schizophrenia : towards a model of dysfunction of the auditory cortex

Les hallucinations auditives (HAs) constituent un symptôme fréquent et invalidant de la schizophrénie. Leur physiopathologie est complexe et partiellement explicitée. Sur le plan clinique les Has correspondent à de véritables perceptions auditives, en l’absence de stimulations auditives. Sur le plan neuropsychologique, elles seraient liées à un défaut de contrôle sur l’audition, de processus impliqués dans la régulation de la perception. Cette absence de contrôle aboutit à la perception d’un phénomène auto généré. Dans le cadre de notre travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux lobes temporaux, supports de l’audition et de la perception du langage, en tant que carrefour de la symptomatologie hallucinatoire. A cet effet, nous présentons plusieurs travaux de recherche permettant de mieux spécifier cette implication des régions temporales. Dans un premier article, nous mettons en évidence, à l’aide d’une revue systématique de la littérature, l’implication spécifique du lobe temporal gauche ainsi que ses modalités d’interactions pathologiques avec d’autres réseaux cérébraux. Dans un deuxième et troisième article, nous montrons comment la stimulation cérébrale superficielle du lobe temporal, mais également des composantes du réseau fronto temporal, peut induire une modification clinique des HAs. Enfin, dans un quatrième article, nous amorçons la mise au point d’un marqueur électrophysiologique du dysfonctionnement temporal gauche offrant des perspectives d’études des effets de la neurostimulation dans le domaine des HAsAuditory hallucinations (HAs) are a common and disabling symptom of schizophrenia. The pathophysiology is complex and partially explained. In clinical terms the HAs correspond to real auditory perception in the absence of an auditive stimulus. In a neuropsychological perspective, they are related to a lack of cognitive control over the hearing function. This lack of control leads to perception of a self generated events. In the context of this work, we focused our interest on the temporal lobes, supporting hearing and speech perception. We studied this area as a crossroads of the hallucinatory symptoms. According to this hypothesis, we present here several research to better specify the involvement of temporal regions In the first paper, we show, using a systematic review of the literature, the involvement of the temporal lobe and its pathological interactions with other brain networks. In the second and third papers, we show how non invasive brain stimulation of the temporal lobe and components of fronto temporal network can induce a clinical reduction of HAs. Finally, in a fourth paper, we begin the development of an electrophysiological marker of left temporal dysfunction offering opportunities in studying the effects of neurostimulation in the field of HA

Hallucinations auditives et schizophrénie : vers un modèle de dysfonctionnement du cortex auditif

Auditory hallucinations (HAs) are a common and disabling symptom of schizophrenia. The pathophysiology is complex and partially explained. In clinical terms the HAs correspond to real auditory perception in the absence of an auditive stimulus. In a neuropsychological perspective, they are related to a lack of cognitive control over the hearing function. This lack of control leads to perception of a self generated events. In the context of this work, we focused our interest on the temporal lobes, supporting hearing and speech perception. We studied this area as a crossroads of the hallucinatory symptoms. According to this hypothesis, we present here several research to better specify the involvement of temporal regions In the first paper, we show, using a systematic review of the literature, the involvement of the temporal lobe and its pathological interactions with other brain networks. In the second and third papers, we show how non invasive brain stimulation of the temporal lobe and components of fronto temporal network can induce a clinical reduction of HAs. Finally, in a fourth paper, we begin the development of an electrophysiological marker of left temporal dysfunction offering opportunities in studying the effects of neurostimulation in the field of HAsLes hallucinations auditives (HAs) constituent un symptôme fréquent et invalidant de la schizophrénie. Leur physiopathologie est complexe et partiellement explicitée. Sur le plan clinique les Has correspondent à de véritables perceptions auditives, en l’absence de stimulations auditives. Sur le plan neuropsychologique, elles seraient liées à un défaut de contrôle sur l’audition, de processus impliqués dans la régulation de la perception. Cette absence de contrôle aboutit à la perception d’un phénomène auto généré. Dans le cadre de notre travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux lobes temporaux, supports de l’audition et de la perception du langage, en tant que carrefour de la symptomatologie hallucinatoire. A cet effet, nous présentons plusieurs travaux de recherche permettant de mieux spécifier cette implication des régions temporales. Dans un premier article, nous mettons en évidence, à l’aide d’une revue systématique de la littérature, l’implication spécifique du lobe temporal gauche ainsi que ses modalités d’interactions pathologiques avec d’autres réseaux cérébraux. Dans un deuxième et troisième article, nous montrons comment la stimulation cérébrale superficielle du lobe temporal, mais également des composantes du réseau fronto temporal, peut induire une modification clinique des HAs. Enfin, dans un quatrième article, nous amorçons la mise au point d’un marqueur électrophysiologique du dysfonctionnement temporal gauche offrant des perspectives d’études des effets de la neurostimulation dans le domaine des HA

A la recherche de marqueurs magnétoencéphalographiques de la "propension à halluciner" chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Who maintains good mental health in a locked-down country? A French nationwide online survey of 11,391 participants

International audienceLockdown measures can differentially affect mental wellbeing in populations depending on individual determinants. We aim to investigate the sociodemographic and environmental determinants of wellbeing on the French population during lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with an online survey. Among 11,391 participants who completed the questionnaire, various factors negatively impacted wellbeing: being a female, a student, disabled, having no access to outdoor spaces, or living in a small home. Conversely, being employed and having more social contacts had a positive impact. During lockdowns, authorities should consider the vulnerability of specific populations, especially when they live in constrained housing conditions

Continuité des soins à l’âge de transition (16-24 ans) :quel est le dispositif le plus approprié ?

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

The neural signature of reality‐monitoring: A meta‐analysis of functional neuroimaging studies

Distinguishing imagination and thoughts from information we perceived from the environment, a process called reality-monitoring, is important in everyday situations. Although reality monitoring seems to overlap with the concept of self-monitoring, which allows one to distinguish self-generated actions or thoughts from those generated by others, the two concepts remain largely separate cognitive domains and their common brain substrates have received little attention. We investigated the brain regions involved in these two cognitive processes and explored the common brain regions they share. To do this, we conducted two separate coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies assessing the brain regions involved in reality- and self-monitoring. Few brain regions survived threshold-free cluster enhancement family-wise multiple comparison correction (p < .05), likely owing to the small number of studies identified. Using uncorrected statistical thresholds recommended by Signed Differential Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images, the meta-analysis of reality-monitoring studies (k = 9 studies including 172 healthy subjects) revealed clusters in the lobule VI of the cerebellum, the right anterior medial prefrontal cortex and anterior thalamic projections. The meta-analysis of self-monitoring studies (k = 12 studies including 192 healthy subjects) highlighted the involvement of a set of brain regions including the lobule VI of the left cerebellum and fronto-temporo-parietal regions. We showed with a conjunction analysis that the lobule VI of the cerebellum was consistently engaged in both reality- and self-monitoring. The current findings offer new insights into the common brain regions underlying reality-monitoring and self-monitoring, and suggest that the neural signature of the self that may occur during self-production should persist in memories

Clinical Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Patients With First Episode Psychosis and in Individuals With Ultra-High Risk for Transition to Psychosis: A Review

International audienceObjectives: Recent clinical studies and meta-analyses have reported the clinical effects of mindfulness-based interventions as a complementary treatment for patients with schizophrenia, but their possible efficacy in patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) of transition to psychosis is less clear. Here, we investigated the current evidence on the usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions in these two populations.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines.Results: Among the 102 references retrieved, 9 responded to the inclusion criteria (8 in FEP patients and 1 in UHR individuals). In FEP patients, mindfulness interventions are well-tolerated and have a satisfactory level of adherence. The clinical benefits consist primarily of reduced anxiety and sadness and improved quality of life. None of the studies reported any increase in positive symptoms.Conclusion: Future sham-controlled studies with large sample sizes are needed to definitively conclude on the clinical interest of mindfulness-based interventions in FEP patients and UHR individuals as well as to understand their underlying mechanisms of actio