The deployment of an IoT network infrastructure, as a localised regional service

The Internet of things (IoT) is fast evolving with a wide range of technologies being designated specifically as IoT solutions. Studies on such solutions generally reference the specific communication medium while negating the complete architecture of the IoT system. From a system perspective, a complete IoT solution can be separated into three categories, the data collector, the communication method and the cloud platform service. The data collector relates to the embedded system device (or the `things\u27 element) at the source of the application, the communication method relates to the network protocol used to send or receive the data and the cloud platform service relates to the facility used to store and process the data collected. LoRaWan and LoRa are `Long Range\u27 technologies, which define the communication method for such IoT applied systems. LoRa defines the modulation technique, that allows for long range communication, whereas LoRaWan defines the communication and system architecture.This paper presents the design architecture and methodology of a fully functioning LoRaWan based IoT system. Such a system can be provided as a service to a given local region, by utilizing an End Device in conjunction with a LoRa transceiver, a LoRaWan Gateway and a defined cloud platform. The presented IoT system currently serves the region of Tallaght (Dublin, Ireland) and its wider area. As a service, the system has been shown to be capable of supporting a wide range of IoT based applications

Development and Scale-Up of a New Sulfone-Based Bismacycle as a Universal Precursor for Bi(V)-Mediated Electrophilic Arylation

The scope and practical utility of bismuth(V)-mediated electrophilic arylation have been greatly improved by the recent development of user-friendly protocols based on modular bismacycle reagents. Here, we report the scalable synthesis of a new bench-stable bismacycle bromide and demonstrate that it can be used as a “universal precursor” in electrophilic arylation. Relative to established syntheses of related bismacycles, the new protocol benefits from improved step- and vessel-economy, reduced production time, and the complete elimination of cryogenic temperatures and undesirable solvents (Et2O and CH2Cl2). The synthesis is complemented by a robust, chromatography-free purification procedure that was developed by using design of experiments. We show that this process is highly reproducible at the 100 mmol scale, with two independent experiments giving 61 and 62% yields of isolated material. We anticipate that this efficient method for the synthesis of a new bismacycle precursor will expedite both (a) wider uptake of existing bismuth-mediated arylation methods by the synthetic community and (b) ongoing efforts to develop new bismuth-mediated transformations

Correlation between crystal purity and the charge density wave in 1T-VSe2

We examine the charge density wave (CDW) properties of 1T-VSe2 crystals grown by chemical vapor transport (CVT) under varying conditions. Specifically, we find that upon lowering the growth temperature (Tg < 630\u25e6C), there is a significant increase in both the CDW transition temperature and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) obtained from electrical transport measurements. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we correlate the observed CDW properties with stoichiometry and the nature of defects. In addition, we have optimized a method to grow ultrahigh-purity 1T-VSe2 crystals with a CDW transition temperature TCDW = (112.7 \ub1 0.8) K and maximum residual resistance ratio RRR 48 49, which is the highest reported thus far. This work highlights the sensitivity of the CDW in 1T-VSe2 to defects and overall stoichiometry and the importance of controlling the crystal growth conditions of strongly correlated transition metal dichalcogenides

Pyrimidine biosynthesis is not an essential function for trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms

<p>Background: African trypanosomes are capable of both pyrimidine biosynthesis and salvage of preformed pyrimidines from the host, but it is unknown whether either process is essential to the parasite.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings: Pyrimidine requirements for growth were investigated using strictly pyrimidine-free media, with or without single added pyrimidine sources. Growth rates of wild-type bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei brucei were unchanged in pyrimidine-free medium. The essentiality of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway was studied by knocking out the PYR6-5 locus that produces a fusion product of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and Orotidine Monophosphate Decarboxylase (OMPDCase). The pyrimidine auxotroph was dependent on a suitable extracellular pyrimidine source. Pyrimidine starvation was rapidly lethal and non-reversible, causing incomplete DNA content in new cells. The phenotype could be rescued by addition of uracil; supplementation with uridine, 2′deoxyuridine, and cytidine allowed a diminished growth rate and density. PYR6-5−/− trypanosomes were more sensitive to pyrimidine antimetabolites and displayed increased uracil transport rates and uridine phosphorylase activity. Pyrimidine auxotrophs were able to infect mice although the infection developed much more slowly than infection with the parental, prototrophic trypanosome line.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance: Pyrimidine salvage was not an essential function for bloodstream T. b. brucei. However, trypanosomes lacking de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis are completely dependent on an extracellular pyrimidine source, strongly preferring uracil, and display reduced infectivity. As T. brucei are able to salvage sufficient pyrimidines from the host environment, the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway is not a viable drug target, although any interruption of pyrimidine supply was lethal.</p&gt

Submesoscale Instabilities in Mesoscale Eddies

Submesoscale processes have been extensively studied in observations and simulations of fronts. Recent idealized simulations show that submesoscale instabilities also occur in baroclinic mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones. The instabilities in the anticyclone grow faster and at coarser grid resolution than in the cyclone. The instabilities lead to larger restratification in the anticyclone than in the cyclone. The instabilities also lead to changes in the mean azimuthal jet around the anticyclone from 2-km resolution, but a similar effect only occurs in the cyclone at 0.25-km resolution. A numerical passive tracer experiment shows that submesoscale instabilities lead to deeper subduction in the interior of anticyclonic than cyclonic eddies because of outcropping isopycnals extending deeper into the thermocline in anticyclones. An energetic analysis suggests that both vertical shear production and vertical buoyancy fluxes are important in anticyclones but primarily vertical buoyancy fluxes occur in cyclones at these resolutions. The energy sources and sinks vary azimuthally around the eddies caused by the asymmetric effects of the Ekman buoyancy flux. Glider transects of a mesoscale anticyclone in the Tasman Sea show that water with low stratification and high oxygen concentrations is found in an anticyclone, in a manner that may be consistent with the model predictions for submesoscale subduction in mesoscale eddies