The Development of Experimental Sets for Measuring Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Metal Using Digital Video-Based Single Slit Diffraction Method

The development of an apparatus for the measurement of linear thermal expansion coefficient of metal by a single diffraction method has been developed. The development was made based on several ideas from previous researchers, as well as to overcome several limitations which yields insignificant results. The development includes the redesign of the primary holder module, the temperature measurement module (using a thermocouple sensor connected to the PC), and the measurement approach of the diffraction pattern distance by means of digital video analysis techniques using Tracker software. The development of the modules as well as the measurement approach that has been done yields very good experimental results. The measured linear thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum has a high level of accuracy and precision. The result is (23.100 ± 0.2186)×10-6/°C, and compared from a reference, i.e., 23.000 × 10-6/°C, the relative error of is 0.95% and the relative standard deviation is 0.43%

Multifractal Characterization of Pore Size Distributions of Peat Soil

This paper discusses a multifractal analysis of the microscopic structure of peat soil. The aim of this study was to apply the multifractal technique to analyze the properties of five slices of peat soil (L1-L5). Binary images (220 x 220 pixels, with a conversion value of 9.41 μm/pixel) were made from the thin slices and then analyzed. This analysis was conducted to obtain the relationship between physical parameters and complexity parameters. The results showed that the spectrum of f(α) can describe well the pore size distribution and average size of pores correlated with the value of D(0). A high value of the average pore size is followed by a low D value and vice versa

Analysis of Image Fusion Effect in Image Quality of Kidney Stone

Kidney stones are a disease due to the buildup of substances that are not needed in the urinary system. Knowledge of the composition and type of stone is required in the treatment of action. Micro CT is one of the modalities that can be used in determining the composition of kidney stones. However, there are limitations when using single-energy micro-CT. Stone attenuation has almost the same value when using single energy, therefore it is necessary to use dual-energy CT to determine the difference in stone attenuation more precisely. The image of the dual-energy CT micro-energy stone needs to be processed before analyzing and determining the rock composition. Image fusion is one of the image processing techniques that can be used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of image fusion on the image quality of five kidney stones. The stages in the research carried out are collecting high energy and low energy projection image data, and performing image fusion on the two projected image data. The results obtained are first, the dual-energy CT image fusion affects the image quality which can be seen from the increase in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) value. A high SNR value provides the best image quality informatio

Rancang Bangun Alat Eksperimen Sederhana Gerak Proyektil

Menentukan gerak proyektil merupakan permasalahan penting dalam sejarah perkembangan ilmu mekanika. Gerak proyektil adalah gerak suatu benda yang diberi kecepatan awal, kemudian menempuh lintasan yang arahnya sepenuhnya dipengaruhi oleh percepatan gravitasi dan hambatan udara. Untuk mempermudah pemahaman peserta didik mengenai materi gerak proyektil, telah dibuat suatu alat eksperimen gerak proyektil sederhana. Diharapkan alat ini dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang mudah diaplikasikan, ditiru dan terjangkau bagi pihak sekolah maupun lembaga pendidikan. Determining projectile motion is an important issue in the history of the development of mechanics. The motion of a projectile is the motion of an object given the initial velocity, then travels the path whose direction is completely influenced by the acceleration of gravity and air resistance. To facilitate students' understanding of projectile motion material, a simple projectile motion experiments tool has been developed. It is expected that this tool can be used as a learning media that is easy to apply, imitated and affordable for schools and educational institutions

The Effect of Milk or its Combination with Tea and 0.2% NaF on Dental Enamel Demineralization Analyzed by Micro Computed Tomography

Fluoride and calcium play an important role in the prevention of dental caries, promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of remineralization. Objective: To investigate the effects of milk with/without the combination of tea and 0.2% NaF on enamel demineralization using micro-computed tomography (micro- CT). Methods: The coronal parts of 40 extracted sound premolars were prepared as tooth blocks. An unvarnished occlusal surface window was created for each tooth by covering the occlusal surface with a 3x5 mm2 sticker and painting all other surfaces with an acid-resistant varnish. These blocks were randomly allocated into four groups that were immersed in remineralizing solutions for 26 minutes: Group A, milk; Group B, milk and tea; Group C, milk and 0.2% NaF; and Group D, deionized water (control). Results: After 3 days of immersion in a buffered demineralization solution at pH 4.4, micro-CT scans were taken. The mean grayscale values and the standard deviations are: 98.1 ± 24.0; 90.8 ± 9.1; 92.6 ± 21.4; 81.1 ± 20.3, respectively. The mean grayscale values were significantly different among the four groups (p<0.05), except between groups A and B and between groups A and C. Conclusion: Topical application with milk alone showed a higher protective effect against demineralization compared to the synergic application of milk and tea and milk and 0.2% NaF

Multifractal Characterization of Pore Size Distributions of Peat Soil

This paper discusses a multifractal analysis of the microscopic structure of peat soil. The aim of this study was to apply the multifractal technique to analyze the properties of five slices of peat soil (L1-L5). Binary images (220 x 220 pixels, with a conversion value of 9.41 μm/pixel) were made from the thin slices and then analyzed. This analysis was conducted to obtain the relationship between physical parameters and complexity parameters. The results showed that the spectrum of f(α) can describe well the pore size distribution and average size of pores correlated with the value of D(0). A high value of the average pore size is followed by a low D value and vice versa

Rancang Bangun Alat Eksperimen Sederhana Gerak Proyektil

Menentukan gerak proyektil merupakan permasalahan penting dalam sejarah perkembangan ilmu mekanika. Gerak proyektil adalah gerak suatu benda yang diberi kecepatan awal, kemudian menempuh lintasan yang arahnya sepenuhnya dipengaruhi oleh percepatan gravitasi dan hambatan udara. Untuk mempermudah pemahaman peserta didik mengenai materi gerak proyektil, telah dibuat suatu alat eksperimen gerak proyektil sederhana. Diharapkan alat ini dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang mudah diaplikasikan, ditiru dan terjangkau bagi pihak sekolah maupun lembaga pendidikan. Determining projectile motion is an important issue in the history of the development of mechanics. The motion of a projectile is the motion of an object given the initial velocity, then travels the path whose direction is completely influenced by the acceleration of gravity and air resistance. To facilitate students' understanding of projectile motion material, a simple projectile motion experiments tool has been developed. It is expected that this tool can be used as a learning media that is easy to apply, imitated and affordable for schools and educational institutions.</em

<strong>Differences of Micro-CT evaluation of the obturation sealing capability between thermoplastic carrier-based condensing techniques and lateral heat condensation techniques</strong>

ABSTRACT  Introduction: Root canal filling is an important part of root canal treatment that aimed to seal the root canal system, to prevent bacterial penetration and their toxins into periradicular tissues and to provide favourable environment for periapical healing. Thermoplasticized technique were developed to produce filling with homogenous mass, to achieve optimal sealing ability and to increase the quality of root canal filling. The aim of this study is to analyzed differences of Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) evaluation of the obturation sealing capability between thermoplastic carrier-based condensing techniques and lateral heat condensation techniques. Methods: This study was conducted under an in-vitro quasi experimental methode to 36 specimens of maxillaris centralis incisivus which were divided to 3 groups, (A) thermoplasticized carrier-based technique (GuttaCore System), (B) warm lateral condensation technique (heat carrier SystemB), (C) cold lateral condensation as control group. Sealing ability is evaluated based on the measurement results of volume percentages of filling material and sealer, volume of void, and surface density, that which was calculated from the 3D volumetric image of Micro-CT device. Data were statistically analysed using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test. Result: The result showed significant difference of percentage filling material and sealer volume in apical third (p0.05). Conclusion: Thermoplastized carrier-based technique is not better than warm lateral technique. Keywords: sealing ability; root canal filling; thermoplasticized carrier-based technique; warm lateral technique