A New Look at Translation: Teaching tools for language and literature

Does translation have a place in the modern language or literature classroom? This article argues that as long as translation is recognized as a distinct skill rather than a path to language acquisition it can and should play a role in language instruction. The rising popularity of Web-based machine translation (WBMT) sites among students points to a need to help foreign language learners better understand the translation process. Along with a discussion of how instructors can minimize inappropriate use of WBMT, the article provides examples of how translation in the proper context can be used productively to teach both language and literature. It also shows that teachers have much to gain by supporting translation and interpretation as professional options for advanced language learners. Examples are given in Spanish

Fraction Learners: Assessing Understanding through Language Acquisition

This study applies the Mathematics Acquisition Framework (MAF) (Bossé, Ringler, Bayaga, Fountain, & Young, 2018) to investigate fifth- through seventh-grade students’ comprehension of fractions and decimals and examines how students build understanding of mathematical principles and concepts regarding fractions and decimals. Based on case studies and discourse analysis, the results revealed students in different stages of the MAF with some students employing informal/social language in their mathematical communication and others using formal/academic language. Additionally, mathematically erroneous student communication was more positively interpreted through the lens of the MAF, which interpreted student errors, misunderstandings, and miscommunications as natural components to learning

MANAGEMENT OF STRAWBERRY BLOSSOM WEEVIL AND EUROPEAN TARNISHED PLANT BUG IN ORGANIC STRAWBERRY AND RASPBERRY USING SEMIOCHEMICAL TRAPS “Softpest Multitrap”

Many European growers of organic strawberry and raspberry have large losses in yield (sometimes >80%) and reduced quality of their products because of insect damage. Among the major threats are the strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi Herbst), the European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis Popp.) and the raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus De Geer). In organic soft fruit production there are no effective control measures for these pest insects. For many insects species pheromones and host plant volatiles are of major importance in mate finding and location of host plants for mating, feeding and oviposition. Thus, there is potential for using these insect-insect and/or insect-host plant interactions to develop new strategies and effective control measures for pest insects. In this project we want to extend our knowledge of these systems to develop effective control measures to control these pests in organic crops

Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Conception and Autism in California, 1997–2007

Objectives. We assessed the association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and diagnosed autistic disorder in a population-based sample of California births. Methods. We performed an observational cohort study using linked records from the California Birth Master Files for 1997 through 2007, the California Department of Developmental Services autism caseload for 1997 through 2011, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National ART Surveillance System for live births in 1997 through 2007. Participants were all 5 926 251 live births, including 48 865 ART-originated infants and 32 922 cases of autism diagnosed by the Department of Developmental Services. We compared births originated using ART with births originated without ART for incidence of autism.Results. In the full population, the incidence of diagnosed autism was twice as high for ART as non-ART births. The association was diminished by excluding mothers unlikely to use ART; adjustment for demographic and adverse prenatal and perinatal outcomes reduced the association substantially, although statistical significance persisted for mothers aged 20 to 34 years. Conclusions. The association between ART and autism is primarily explained by adverse prenatal and perinatal outcomes and multiple births

Traps for Lygus rugulipennis and Anthonomus rubi: preliminary results from Softpest Multitrap activities in Latvia

There is a lack of appropriate plant protection methods against strawberry blossom weevil (SBW) not only in organic plantations, but also in plantations, where IPM is used. European tarnished plant bug (ETPB) is not currently recognized as a pest in Latvian strawberry plantations, because the visual defects made by bugs are not important for Latvian consumers. Cross vane bucket traps and sticky stake traps were the most effective for trapping SBW in Latvia. These traps, where the lure was positioned at the top of cross vanes, were also the most effective for capturing ETPB

Mass trapping Anthonomus rubi and Lygus rugulipennis in strawberries

The strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi, and the European tarnished plant bug,Lygus rugulipennis, can cause substantial damage in organic strawberries in Northern and Central Europe. In conventional production it is also desirable to find alternatives to current pesticide controls, which negatively affects beneficials and also creates a risk of building pesticide resistance. Anthonomus rubi lays an egg in a developing flower bud and then partially bites off the flower stem, resulting in a loss of yield. Lygus rugulipennis nymphs and adults feed on flowers and developing fruitlets, causing a fruit distortion which makes the damaged fruit unmarketable. In the ERA-NET CORE Organic project “Softpest Multitrap”, we studied how pheromone and plant volatiles can be combined to improve trapping of the two pests. Our studies also included trap design and placement of traps in the field (grid size, perimeter versus field centre), investigations of the phenology of A. rubi and L. rugulipennis. In 2014 we assessed a ‘multi’-trap for both species. Results will be presented and discussed

Design and deployment of semiochemical traps for capturing 1 Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hetereoptera: Miridae) in soft fruit crops

Strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and European tarnished plant bug (ETB), Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hetereoptera: Miridae), cause significant damage to strawberry and raspberry crops. Using the SBW aggregation pheromone and ETB sex pheromone we optimized and tested a single trap for both species. A series of field experiments in crops and semi-natural habitats in five European countries tested capture of the target pests and the ability to avoid captures of beneficial arthropods. A Unitrap containing a trapping agent of water and detergent and with a cross vane was more efficient at capturing both species compared to traps which incorporated glue as a trapping agent. Adding a green cross vane deterred attraction of non-pest species such as bees, but did not compromise catches of the target pests. The trap caught higher numbers of ETB and SBW if deployed at ground level and although a cross vane was not important for catches of ETB it was needed for significant captures of SBW. The potential for mass trapping SBW and ETB simultaneously in soft fruit crops is discussed including potential improvements to make this more effective and economic to deploy

Does Autism Diagnosis Age or Symptom Severity Differ Among Children According to Whether Assisted Reproductive Technology was Used to Achieve Pregnancy?

Previous studies report associations between conception with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and autism. Whether these associations reflect an ascertainment or biologic effect is undetermined. We assessed diagnosis age and initial autism symptom severity among[30,000 children with autism from a linkage study of California Department of Developmental Services records, birth records, and the National ART Surveillance System. Median diagnosis age and symptom severity levels were significantly lower for ART-conceived than non-ART- conceived children. After adjustment for differences in the socio-demographic profiles of the two groups, the diagno- sis age differentials were greatly attenuated and there were no differences in autism symptomatology. Thus, ascer- tainment issues related to SES, not ART per se, are likely the driving influence of the differences we initially observed

Comment attirer deux ravageurs des framboises dans un même piège?

L’anthonome des framboises (Anthonomus rubi) et le ver des framboises (Byturus tomentosus) causent de grosses pertes dans les cultures biologiques de framboises. Dans le cadre du projet européen Core Organic 2, le projet «Softpest Multitrap» a testé une nouvelle approche pour controller simultanément ces deux ravageurs avec un piège commun, afin de proposer une alternative aux insecticides. Le but a été de définir la hauteur du piège, son design et lacombinaison de leurres optimale. Nos essais ont montré que le piège doit être posé au sol en combinant une aggregation de phéromones et des composés volatils de fleurs de framboisier pour capturer ces deux insectes. Les pièges doivent être mis en place dès le départ de la végétation (stade BBCH 45–47). Le design du piège doit encore être amélioré pour intensifier les captures. Cette approche innovante offre de nouvelles perspectives pour la lute contre ces ravageurs