415 research outputs found

    Du droit comme facteur déterminant de la participation sociale des personnes ayant des incapacités

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    Le présent article a pour objectifs de proposer à la communauté juridique les résultats des travaux du Comité québécois sur la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps (CQCIDIH) depuis 1991 et de les appliquer concrÚtement au droit québécois. Ces travaux amÚnent en effet un nouvel éclairage au droit des personnes ayant des incapacités, en particulier en matiÚre de discrimination fondée sur le « handicap ». Dans la premiÚre partie, l'approche conceptuelle élaborée dans ces travaux récents ainsi que la terminologie qui l'accompagne sont présentées. Dans la seconde partie, la vision du droit qui se dégage des travaux du CQCIDIH est d'abord analysée. On procÚde ensuite à la premiÚre application au droit québécois de la proposition du CQCIDIH. On examine concrÚtement en quoi le droit est un facteur environnemental déterminant de la participation sociale des personnes ayant des incapacités, potentiellement un facilitateur de leur participation sociale ou un obstacle à celle-ci.The purpose of this paper is to propose to the legal community the results of work performed by QCICIDH (the Québec Committee for the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps) since 1991 and to apply them specifically to Québec law. This work sheds new light on people with disabilities, particularly regarding discrimination based on « handicap ». The first part presents the conceptual approach developed in this recent work and the terminology that accompanies it. In the second part, an analysis is made of the perspective on law that emerges from QCICIDH work and an initial application to Québec law of the QCICIDH proposal is described. An in-depth examination is then made of the law as a determining environmental factor in the social participation of persons with disabilities and how it may potentially be a facilitator or an obstacle to such social participation

    Regard sur la notion de rÎles sociaux. Réflexion conceptuelle sur les rÎles en lien avec la problématique du processus de production du handicap

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    Nous prĂ©sentons dans cet article les rĂ©sultats d’une revue de la littĂ©rature sur les rĂŽles sociaux, au terme de laquelle se dĂ©gagent deux grandes tendances, l’une basĂ©e sur les disciplines de la sociologie et de l’anthropologie, l’autre sur celle de la psychologie sociale. Ces tendances entrent en contradiction l’une avec l’autre, parce qu’elles partent de principes diffĂ©rents (approches socioculturelles vs approches individuelles) ; il s’en dĂ©gage d’une façon gĂ©nĂ©rale que des confusions apparaissent, notamment lorsque nous voulons situer la problĂ©matique des rĂŽles sociaux au regard de la dimension des habitudes de vie d’une personne ayant des incapacitĂ©s, et s’inscrivant dans le processus de production du handicap. Il s’agit donc de dĂ©gager les difficultĂ©s et les limites associĂ©es Ă  l’utilisation de la notion de rĂŽle dans le modĂšle conceptuel du processus de production du handicap. En Ă©tendant la problĂ©matique aux processus favorisant la participation sociale des personnes ayant des incapacitĂ©s, le concept de rĂŽle social devient alors un Ă©lĂ©ment clĂ© mais ambigu, permettant toutefois de s’interroger sur la qualitĂ© de cette participation sociale.In this article we present the results of a literature review on social roles, at the end of which two major trends stood out, one based on the disciplines of sociology and anthropology, the other on social psychology. Some confusion results from the contradiction in principles (socio-cultural versus individual approaches), especially when we want to establish the problems of social roles with regards to the dimension of the life habits of a person with disabilities and as a part of the Handicap Creation Process. It is therefore important to bring out the difficulties and limits associated to using the notion of role in the conceptual model of the Handicap Creation Process. By spreading the problems to the process favoring the social participation of persons with disabilities, the social role concept then becomes a key but ambiguous element, nevertheless allowing us to wonder about the quality of social participation

    Construction identitaire et résilience en réadaptation

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    Cet article prĂ©sente le concept de rĂ©silience comme rĂ©action Ă  une rupture vĂ©cue au cours de l’existence ainsi qu’en relation avec le processus de construction identitaire. Cette rĂ©action est conditionnĂ©e par l’interaction entre les caractĂ©ristiques intrinsĂšques de la personne, ses occupations ainsi que des facteurs extrinsĂšques ou environnementaux. La rĂ©silience est prĂ©sente quand la personne vit un processus de construction identitaire favorable en dĂ©pit des obstacles et des ruptures. Elle peut mĂȘme ĂȘtre renforcĂ©e par eux. En rĂ©adaptation, la construction identitaire peut constituer une cible d’intervention ancrĂ©e dans les composantes porteuses de sens pour la personne. En fonction du modĂšle du Processus de production du handicap, il est possible d’agir sur une ou plusieurs composantes, soit la personne, l’environnement et la participation sociale ainsi que sur leurs interactions, pour favoriser la rĂ©silience et la construction identitaire.This article presents the concept of resilience as a response to a rupture experienced during the existence of a person, in relation with the process of identity construction. This response is conditioned by the interaction between the person’s intrinsic characteristics, his/her social participation, and the environmental factors. Resilience is present when the person experiences a process of identity construction or reconstruction in spite of obstacles and ruptures. He/she can even be strengthened by them. In the rehabilitation process, the identity construction may consist of a target of intervention anchored in the features that are meaningful to the person. According to the Disability Creation Process model, it is possible to intervene on one or several features related to the person, the environment, the social participation, as well as on their interactions, in order to promote resilience and identity construction

    Understanding risk in daily life of diverse persons with physical and sensory impairments

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    Managing risk of injury in daily life is a task common to all humans. However, people with impairments face significantly greater challenges in both assessing and managing risk of injury. To find out more about how individuals with impairments understand risk, we developed a qualitative study design based on semi-structured interviews. Seven people with a broad range of impairments were recruited for the study. The interviews were analyzed and organized into a codification tree subdivided into four main sections: safety and risk management, risk situation portrayal, perceptions of safety measures and finally loss of control and strong sensations. The study revealed that the difficulties related to managing risk in day-to-day situations are much higher than for people without impairments and, indeed, are possibly under reported in the literature. The realization that risk is ever present in the daily lives of people with impairments has led us to reconsider how we move forward on the remainder of our study.Peer Reviewe

    Entre la colÚre
 et la rupture du lien social : Des personnes ayant des incapacités témoignent de leur expérience face aux carences de la protection sociale

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    L’article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats d’une recherche qualitative qui avait pour objectif d’identifier et de dĂ©crire les consĂ©quences sociales sur la santĂ© de l’inaccessibilitĂ© aux services et aux compensations financiĂšres pour les personnes ayant des incapacitĂ©s et leurs proches. Cinquante-deux personnes ont Ă©tĂ© rencontrĂ©es lors d’une entrevue individuelle. L’analyse de contenu des entrevues rĂ©vĂšle que l’inaccessibilitĂ© entraĂźne des consĂ©quences nĂ©gatives sur la santĂ© physique, la santĂ© mentale et la participation sociale. L’analyse fait Ă©galement ressortir comment les personnes composent face aux carences de la protection sociale. Ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s Ă  la lumiĂšre des transformations rĂ©centes dans les pratiques de compensation au QuĂ©bec.This article presents the results of a qualitative study aiming to identify and describe the social and health consequences of the inaccessibility of services and financial compensations for people with disabilities and their close relations. Fifty-two people were individually interviewed. Content analysis of the interviews reveals that inaccessibility leads to negative consequences on physical health, mental health and social participation. The analysis also revealed how people deal with inadequacies in social protection. These results are discussed in light of recent transformations in Quebec’s compensation practices

    L’évolution conceptuelle internationale dans le champ du handicap : enjeux socio-politiques et contributions quĂ©bĂ©coises

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    Le handicap n’est pas une caractĂ©ristique de la personne mais le rĂ©sultat situationnel de l’interaction entre une personne diffĂ©rente sur le plan corporel ou fonctionnel et un environnement physique et social spĂ©cifique. Cette affirmation simple issue du mouvement quĂ©bĂ©cois d’exercice des droits de la personne et d’égalisation des chances des personnes handicapĂ©es amorcĂ© depuis une trentaine d’annĂ©es, et dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans la Classification quĂ©bĂ©coise : Processus de production du handicap (PPH) a Ă©tĂ© au cƓur de dĂ©bats et controverses internationales qui ont marquĂ© la rĂ©vision de la Classification internationale des dĂ©ficiences, incapacitĂ©s et handicaps (CIDIH) de l’Organisation mondiale de la santĂ©.L’auteur retrace les moments forts de cette dynamique quĂ©bĂ©coise et internationale, ponctuĂ©e autant de discussions scientifiques que d’alliances, blocages ou compromis sociopolitiques Ă  partir d’une observation participante privilĂ©giĂ©e au sein mĂȘme des comitĂ©s et jeux de coulisses internationaux.Disability is not a personal attribute. It is the situational outcome of the interaction between an individual with body or functional differences and a specific physical and social environment. This simple assertion coming from the Quebec social movement for the exercise of human rights and equalisation of opportunities of people with disabilities which started about thirty years ago and developed in the Quebec Classification : Disability Creation Process (DCP), was central in discussions and controversies highlighted during the revision process of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) of the World Health Organization.The author underlines important steps in this Quebec and international dynamics, punctuated as much by scientific discussions than by socio-political alliances, barriers or compromises. His contribution comes from his unique perspective of participant observer at the heart of international committees and underground strategies.La discapacidad no es una caracterĂ­stica de la persona, sino el resultado situacional de la interacciĂłn entre una persona diferente al nivel corporal o funcional y un ĂĄmbito fĂ­sico y social especĂ­fico. Esta afirmaciĂłn simple procede del movimiento quebequense del ejercicio de los derechos de la persona y la egalizaciĂłn de las oportunidades para las personas discapacitadas. Creado desde hace treinta años, fue desarrollado en la clasificaciĂłn quebequense “proceso de producciĂłn de la discapacidad “ y constituyĂł el nĂșcleo de debates y controversias internacionales que marcaron la revisiĂłn de la clasificaciĂłn internacional de las deficiencias, incapacidades y discapacidades en la OrganizaciĂłn Mundial de la Salud.El autor relata los momentos claves de esta dinĂĄmica quebequense e internacional, puntuada tanto de debates como de alianzas, bloqueos o compromisos sociopolĂ­ticos, a partir de una observaciĂłn participante privilegiada en el ĂĄmbito mismo de los comitĂ©s y entre bastidores internacionales

    Towards a Statistical Model for Monitoring the Exercise of Human Rights under the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – Canadian Case Study

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    Monitoring the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is important to ensure full participation of persons with disabilities in society. Statistical information on disabled population is used to develop policies that improve the lives of disabled people. In this article, we propose a model for statistically tracking the realization of CRPD rights

    Designing Interactive and Immersive Multimodal Installations for People with Disability

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    We developed an end-to-end co-creative methodology for designing interactive and immersive multisensory virtual reality experiences with a particular focus on people with disability. Our method draws on what is called “design thinking” to provide a backbone to our approach. This embraces three stages, an empathic first stage, followed by an ideation phase, during which the thematic context is elaborated, and then an iterative exploration phase during which the initial concept is refined and the implementation is achieved. Furthermore, the “cognitive design” methodology developed by one of us led us to an approach incorporating all sensory modalities, not just the audio and visual modalities (that is, it includes odor, tactile, taste and proprioceptive stimuli), in order to deliver an experience that fully enhances the user’s sense of embodiment, and also led us to place the user’s experience at the heart of the installation. Users participate in the design process through co-design protocols. We showcase the application of this methodology in a detailed way for the construction of an interactive and immersive VR installation for people with disabilities

    Linking models for land use analysis: experiences from the SENSOR project

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    In order to quantify the effects of a comprehensive set of policies on land use, interaction between sectors needs to be accounted for, while maintaining a high level of detail for each sector. This calls for a combination of sector specific and sector wide models. This paper describes such a modelling system, with emphasis on the linking of the models to a coherent system. Five sectors of significant importance for land use are modelled individually: Forestry, agriculture, urban land use, transport infrastructure, and tourism. All models are connected as sub-modules to an economy-wide partial econometric model. In addition, a land cover model is used to disaggregate land use down to 1km grid resolution. The linking of such a diverse set of models in a consistent way poses conceptual as well as practical issues. The conceptual issues concern questions such as which items of the models to link, how to obtain a stable joint baseline scenario, and how to obtain a joint equilibrium solution for all models simultaneously in simulation. Practical issues concern the actual implementation of the conceptually sound linkages and provision of a workable technical solution. The linked system allows us to introduce a shock in either of the models, and the set of results will provide a joint solution for all sectors modelled in SENSOR. In this manner, the models take a complex policy scenario as argument and compute a comprehensive set of variables involving all five land use sectors on regional level, which in turn forms a basis for distilling out the impact on sustainability in the form of indicators. Without the extensive automation and technical linkages, it would not have been possible to obtain a joint equilibrium, or it would have required exorbitant amounts of working time.Model linking, sustainable land use, cross sector modelling, iterative recalibration, Land Economics/Use,
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