A GIS for the management of fisheries in West Africa: Preliminary application to the octopus stock in Senegal

A preliminary application of a Geographical Information System (GIS), based on a georeferenced database including data from commercial fishing and oceanographic surveys, and on geographical objects describingthe physical and juridical environment, trawl operations and artisanal fishing sites, is presented. An ArcView environment is used to show spatial and temporal phenomena. Seasonal distribution charts for Octopusvulgaris and for the main associated finfish species on the Senegalese continental shelf reveal that octopuses are particularly abundant on the deep part of the continental shelf off Casamance and the Grande Côteduring the cool season. Warm-season distribution seems to be more coastal. The results allow the interactions between artisanal and industrial fisheries and areas of potential conflicts to be identified. The intensity of these interactions for resource access and space allocation is highly correlated to season. The results also provide alternative explanations for fisheries management, e.g. on the degree of respect for or the relevance of the limitsof regulated fishing areas and spatial fishing unit strategies according to the main seasons

Contrôle moléculaire de la remontée de floraison chez le rosier

Rose is a polycarpic plant which presents the ability to flower several times during the year (reccurent blooming. Continuous flowering is due to a mutation of RoKSN a floral repressor homolog to TERMINAL FLOWER 1. In spring, after blooming in once-flowering rose, RoKSN transcripts increase and inhibit nex bloomings. Moreover, the exogenous application of gibberellins (GA) inhibits flowering in spring in once-flowering rose and has no effect on continuous flowering roses. This link between GA and TFL1 was never found before. The main objectives of this study are to understand the function and the regulation of RoKSN and to study the link between RoKSN and GA. By overexpression of RoKSN in Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant we validate floral repressor function of RoKSN. Roses that express ectopically RoKSN, never bloom after few months in greenhouse. In spring exogenous application of GA during floral transition induces RoKSN transcription. The accumulation of RoKSN transcripts correlated with floral inhibition. GA also induces RoFD and Rolfy in a RoKSN-I independent way. To understand the mode of action of RoKS we demonstrate that RoKSN interacted with RoFD. Moreover, there was a competition between RoFT (homologue of FT) and RoKSN FOR RoFD. The consequences of this competition on flowering are still unknow. This study proposed a model for the control of flowering in rose in link with Ga and RoKSN. Other factors as vernalization are under investigation

Diode-pumped, mechanically-flexible polymer DFB laser encapsulated by glass membranes

A diode-pumped, mechanically-flexible organic distributed-feedback laser that is fully encapsulated with ultra-thin glass is reported. The organic laser is excited by 450nm laser diode and emits at 537 nm with an oscillation threshold of 290 W/cm2. The encapsulation format of the device results in a photostability that is improved by two orders of magnitude compared to a non-encapsulated reference device while maintaining mechanical flexibility thanks to an overall device thickness below 105 μm. The laser is also wavelength-tunable between 535 nm and 545 nm by bending the ultra-thin glass structure

Separation between coherent and turbulent fluctuations. What can we learn from the Empirical Mode Decomposition?

The performances of a new data processing technique, namely the Empirical Mode Decomposition, are evaluated on a fully developed turbulent velocity signal perturbed by a numerical forcing which mimics a long-period flapping. First, we introduce a "resemblance" criterion to discriminate between the polluted and the unpolluted modes extracted from the perturbed velocity signal by means of the Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm. A rejection procedure, playing, somehow, the role of a high-pass filter, is then designed in order to infer the original velocity signal from the perturbed one. The quality of this recovering procedure is extensively evaluated in the case of a "mono-component" perturbation (sine wave) by varying both the amplitude and the frequency of the perturbation. An excellent agreement between the recovered and the reference velocity signals is found, even though some discrepancies are observed when the perturbation frequency overlaps the frequency range corresponding to the energy-containing eddies as emphasized by both the energy spectrum and the structure functions. Finally, our recovering procedure is successfully performed on a time-dependent perturbation (linear chirp) covering a broad range of frequencies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Experiments in Fluid

Curative pelvic exenteration for recurrent cervical carcinoma in the era of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A systematic review

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Pelvic exenteration requires complete resection of the tumor with negative margins to be considered a curative surgery. The purpose of this review is to assess the optimal preoperative evaluation and surgical approach in patients with recurrent cervical cancer to increase the chances of achieving a curative surgery with decreased morbidity and mortality in the era of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Review of English publications pertaining to cervical cancer within the last 25 years were included using PubMed and Cochrane Library searches. RESULTS: Modern imaging (MRI and PET-CT) does not accurately identify local extension of microscopic disease and is inadequate for preoperative planning of extent of resection. Today, only half of pelvic exenteration procedures obtain uninvolved surgical margins. CONCLUSION: Clear margins are required for curative pelvic exenterations, but are poorly predictable by pre-operative assessment. More extensive surgery, i.e. the infra-elevator exenteration with vulvectomy, is a logical surgical choice to increase the rate of clear margins and to improve patient survival following surgery for recurrent cervical carcinoma

Weak radiative hyperon decays, Hara's theorem and the diquark

Weak radiative hyperon decays are discussed in the diquark-level approach. It is pointed out that in the general diquark formalism one may reproduce the experimentally suggested pattern of asymmetries, while maintaining Hara's theorem in the SU(3) limit. At present, however, no detailed quark-based model of parity-violating diquark-photon coupling exists that would have the necessary properties.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe

Incidence of childhood renal tumours: An international population-based study

Malignant renal tumours represent 5% of childhood cancers and include types with likely different aetiology: Wilms tumour (WT), rhabdoid renal tumour, kidney sarcomas and renal carcinomas. WT is the most common renal tumour in children, previously shown to vary internationally and with ethnicity. Using the comprehensive database of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study (IICC), we analysed global variations and time trends in incidence of renal tumour types in children (age 0‐14 years) and adolescents (age 15‐19 years). The results were presented by 14 world regions, and five ethnic groups in the United States. We included 15 320 renal tumours in children and 800 in adolescents reported to the 163 contributing registries during 2001‐2010. In children, age‐standardised incidence rate (ASR) of renal tumours was 8.3 per million (95% confidence interval, CI = 8.1, 8.4); it was the highest in North America and Europe (9‐10 per million) and the lowest in most Asian regions (4‐5 per million). In the United States, Blacks had the highest ASR (10.9 per million, 95% CI = 10.2, 11.6) and Asian and Pacific Islanders the lowest (4.4 per million, 95% CI = 3.6, 5.1). In adolescents, age‐specific incidence rate of renal tumours was 1.4 per million (95% CI = 1.3, 1.5). WT accounted for over 90% of all renal tumours in each age from 1 to 7 years and the proportion of renal carcinomas increased gradually with age. From 1996 to 2010, incidence remained mostly stable for WT (average annual percent change, AAPC = 0.1) and increased for renal carcinomas in children (AAPC = 3.7) and adolescents (AAPC = 3.2). Our findings warrant further monitoring

RGB and white-emitting organic lasers on flexible glass

Two formats of multiwavelength red, green and blue (RGB) laser on mechanically-flexible glass are demonstrated. In both cases, three all-organic, vertically-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are assembled onto a common ultra-thin glass membrane substrate and fully encapsulated by a thin polymer overlayer and an additional 50µm-thick glass membrane in order to improve the performance. The first device format has the three DFB lasers sitting next to each other on the glass substrate. The DFB lasers are simultaneously excited by a single overlapping optical pump, emitting spatially separated red, green and blue laser output with individual thresholds of, respectively, 28 µJ/cm2, 11 µJ/cm2 and 32 µJ/cm2 (for 5 ns pump pulses). The second device format has the three DFB lasers, respectively the red, green and blue laser, vertically stacked onto the flexible glass. This device format emits a white laser output for an optical pump fluence above 42 µJ/cm2