Impacto de COVID-19 en la terapia periodontal: Una visión general.

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The effect of core polarization on longitudinal form factors in 10^{10}B

Electron scattering Coulomb form factors for the single-particle quadrupole transitions in $p$-shell $^{10}$B nucleus have been studied. Core polarization effects are included through a microscopic theory that includes excitations from the core orbits up to higher orbits with 2$\hbar$$\omega$ excitations. The modified surface delta interaction (MSDI) is employed as a residual interaction. The effect of core polarization is found essential in both the transition strengths and momentum transfer dependence of form factors, and gives a remarkably good agreement with the measured data with no adjustable parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

PERIODONTAL STATUS AND TREATMENT NEEDS AMONG THE PALESTINIAN REFUGEES LIVING IN THE UNITED NATIONS CAMPS IN JORDAN

A periodontal health survey, using the WHO criteria 1997, was conducted among 585 Palestinian refugees living in the United Nations Camps in Jordan. The sample consists of 363 females and 222 males aged 5-54 years. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and the severity of periodontal disease and treatment needs among this population and to correlate the periodontal status with age and gender. By using WHO periodontal probes, the community periodontal index (CPI), the treatment needs (TN) and loss of attachment (LA) were measured for each subject. The number of permanent loss was also recorded. Females were found to have worse periodontal conditions than males. Also, a significant age difference was present. All subjects of the present population had experienced periodontal disease, where 34$ and 43% had a shallow pocket of 4-5 mm and deep pocket of 6 mm or more respectively. The results of this study have shown that 5.48 of sextant per subject in this population were with bleeding or higher, 4.8 with calculus or higher, 2.48 with shallow pockets or higher and 0.88 with deep pocket. This study demonstrated that the loss of attachment increased significantly with increasing age and 2% of this population had normal level of periodontal attachment, with the rest of them (58%) had different amounts of attachment loss. Almost all subjects of this population needed oral hygiene instructions, scaling and/or removal of overhangs and 43% of them needed complex periodontal treatment. The mean number of loss of permanent teeth was among this population with significant age and gender differences. Our data indicated that high prevalence and severity of periodontal disease were observed in this population require programs both for prevention and treatment

Investigation of Optical Properties for (PVA-PEG-Ag) Polymer Nanocomposites Films

This paper investigates the effects of addition of Ag nanoparticles on optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene glycol(PEG-4000) blend. The samples of nanocomposites were prepared by adding Ag nanoparticles percentages of 0, 3, 6, 9 wt. % to the (PVA-PEG)blend. The films were prepared by casting method with different thicknesses. The absorption has been recorded in the wavelength range (200 - 1100) nm. The optical constants(absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient) energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden transition, real and imaginary dielectric constants have been determined. The optical constants are increase with increasing of silver nanoparticles concentration. The energy gap decreased with increasing theweight percentages of silver nanoparticle. Keywords: nanocomposites films, PVA-PEG-Ag, optical properties

Hypoxia Preconditioning Increases Survival and Decreases Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide

Pulmonary or systemic infections and hypoxemic respiratory failure are among the leading causes of admission to intensive care units, and these conditions frequently exist in sequence or in tandem. Inflammatory responses to infections are reproduced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) engaging Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Apoptosis is a hallmark of lung injury in sepsis. This study was conducted to determine whether preexposure to LPS or hypoxia modulated the survival of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). We also investigated the role TLR4 receptor expression plays in apoptosis due to these conditions. Bovine PAECs were cultured in hypoxic or normoxic environments and treated with LPS. TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 was used to probe the role played by TLR4 receptors in cell survival. Cell apoptosis and survival were measured by caspase 3 activity and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) incorporation. TLR4 expression and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production were also determined. LPS increased caspase 3 activity in a TAK-242-sensitive manner and decreased MTT incorporation. Apoptosis was decreased in PAECs preconditioned with hypoxia prior to LPS exposure. LPS increased TNF-α production, and hypoxic preconditioning blunted it. Hypoxic preconditioning reduced LPS-induced TLR4 messenger RNA and TLR4 protein. TAK-242 decreased to baseline the LPS-stimulated expression of TLR4 messenger RNA regardless of environmental conditions. In contrast, LPS followed by hypoxia substantially increased apoptosis and cell death. In conclusion, protection from LPS-stimulated PAEC apoptosis by hypoxic preconditioning is attributable in part to reduction in TLR4 expression. If these signaling pathways apply to septic patients, they may account for differing sensitivities of individuals to acute lung injury depending on oxygen tensions in PAECs in vivo

“Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Multi- Stage Solar Still Connected to Evacuated Solar Collector Tubes”

التقطير الشمسي أحد الحلول الفعالة والمفيدة لحل مشكلة شحة المياه النقية على سطح الارض. استعمل مقطر شمسي متعدد الطبقات وتم تحسين ادائه من خلال ربطه بانابيب مفرغة لتجميع الطاقة الشمسية. فكانت نسبة الزيادة بالانتاجية عن الانواع الاخرى بنسبة (38%). اجريت دراستان عملية ونظرية لحالتان الاولى كانت باحتواء خزانات المقطر الشمسي على الماء فقط من دون اي اضافة اما الحالة الاخرى فكانت باضافة ليف النخل الى حوض المرحلة الاولى. اضافة ليف النخل حسن من الانناجية الليلية للمقطر فكانت نسبة الزيادة في الانتاجية الليلية حوالي (25%) عما هو فارغ. يعتبر هذا النوع من المقطرات الشمسية تقنية حديثة في تحسين اداء المقطرات الشمسية متعددة الطبقات.Solar distillation is an effective and a useful method to solve the problem of water scarcity usable on the surface of the earth. A multi-stage solar still was used, and the performance of it was improved by linking it to (Evacuated Solar Collector Tubes), the rate of increase in productivity is about (38%). Practical and theoretical calculations were carried out on two cases. The first case was the basin of the first stage containing water only; the second case was the basin containing the fiber of the palm. When comparing the two cases there was a similarity between the two cases, but the addition of leaf fiber improved the increase in night productivity. The rate of increase in night productivity is about (25%).This type of solar still was a modern technology in improving the performance of multi-stage solar still

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Purpose: To determine the concentration of theobromine (TB) and caffeine (CF) in tea and other beverages using liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS).Methods: The extract of caffeine and theobromine from tea and other beverages was filtered by 0.45 μm nylon micro-syringe and then injected into a LC-ToF-MS system. Theobromine and caffeine were separated using Thermo Scientific C18-column (length 250 mm, width 2.1 mm and diameter 5 μm). Acetonitrile-methanol (ACN – MeOH, 3:1 v/v) was used as mobile phase B, while mobile phase A was 0.1 % FA in DIW. The volume injected was 30 μL at a rate of 0.3 mL/min.Results: Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.3 – 400 and 0.2 – 200 mg/L for theobromine and caffeine, respectively (regression coefficient (R2) > 0.970). The limits of detection were 0.15 and 0.05 μg/mL for theobromine and caffeine,  respectively. The highest concentrations of caffeine and theobromine determined in tea samples were 159.1 and 255.8 mg/L, respectively.Conclusion: Theobromine and caffeine have been successfully analysed in tea, coffee and soft drinks. LC-TOF-MS is an accurate and promising instrument for the  determination of the studied compounds in beverages.Keywords: Theobromine, Caffeine, Tea, Coffee, LC-TOF/M

Quality of life and physical functioning of the diabetic middle aged and older adults

Objective: To compare the physical functioning and quality of life for the diabetic middle aged and older adults.Methodology: A descriptive study design was used, the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of two hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. A total number of 118 diabetic patients diagnosed with diabetes at least for one year, aged 20-59 for the middle aged adults group & ≥60 for the elderly group, had no current physical disabilities or mental impairments were included. Four measures were used in this study; the socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview questionnaire, the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short version (IPAQ), and the Short Form 36 General Health questionnaire (SF-36).Results: A statistical difference was observed between the two groups in all domains of generic health related quality of life except role limitations due to emotional problems, and social functioning. Adults' group with normal fasting blood sugar test had better quality of life and physical functioning than the elderly group.Conclusion& recommendations: The elderly patients with diabetes had poorer quality of life and functional status in comparison with the adults. These findings suggest that, health education programs that stress a balanced diet and increased activity should be a public health priority for all ages to control diabetes mellitus and its complications

Ethanol Vapours to Complement or Replace Sulfur Dioxide Fumigation of Table Grapes

Recent studies have shown that dipping table grapes in ethanol solutions at harvest improved storage of the fruit. We report here the first results obtained by treating "Chasselas" table grapes (Vitis vinifera) with ethanol vapours over the storage period. We tested the effect of ethanol at 0, 4 and 8 g/kg fruit during cold storage for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. We measured berry shatter, stem browning, Botrytis rot incidence and sensory appreciation by tasting panels. Ethanol vapours reduced Botrytis rot incidence and berry shatter, but hastened stem browning. Sensory analyses did not detect any differences between treatments

Damage and repair classification in reinforced concrete beams using frequency domain data

This research aims at developing a new vibration-based damage classification technique that can efficiently be applied to a real-time large data. Statistical pattern recognition paradigm is relevant to perform a reliable site-location damage diagnosis system. By adopting such paradigm, the finite element and other inverse models with their intensive computations, corrections and inherent inaccuracies can be avoided. In this research, a two-stage combination between principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loéve transformation (also known as canonical correlation analysis) was proposed as a statistical-based damage classification technique. Vibration measurements from frequency domain were tested as possible damage-sensitive features. The performance of the proposed system was tested and verified on real vibration measurements collected from five laboratory-scale reinforced concrete beams modelled with various ranges of defects. The results of the system helped in distinguishing between normal and damaged patterns in structural vibration data. Most importantly, the system further dissected reasonably each main damage group into subgroups according to their severity of damage. Its efficiency was conclusively proved on data from both frequency response functions and response-only functions. The outcomes of this two-stage system showed a realistic detection and classification and outperform results from the principal component analysis-only. The success of this classification model is substantially tenable because the observed clusters come from well-controlled and known state conditions