"...You wanted to take me instead of your wife and his own legal wife...": to the question of extramarital relations of the parish Orthodox clergy of the Orenburg diocese of the second half of the XIX-early - XX centuries

Introduction. The article raises the issue of extramarital affairs of the parish Orthodox clergy of the Orenburg diocese of the post-reform period. This problem has practically not been considered in Russian historiography. Materials and methods. The ministers of the church throughout their lives had to teach lessons of high morality, demonstrate a pattern of righteous behavior and contribute to the spiritual improvement of the laity. Therefore, even psalmists were not allowed to engage in extramarital affairs. Results. However, young people who were not bound by marriage and sacred vows were easily tempted to enter into an affair with a widow or a domestic servant. Clerics did not have the opportunity to re-legitimize their relationship with a woman. As a result, young widowed priests often acquired mistresses. the clerics' addiction to alcohol contributed to entering into an illegal relationship. And also the troubles in family life. According to the "Statute of Spiritual Consistories", clerics were supposed to be defrocked and excluded from the ranks of the clergy for adultery. Conclusion. However, an analysis of materials from the funds of the United State Archive of the Orenburg region shows that such a trial attracted universal attention and contributed to discrediting the reputation of the clergy as a whole. In order to avoid a scandal, the diocesan authorities resorted to such a harsh measure only in the case of a direct confession of the accused. It is noted that both single psalmists and married clerics entered into extramarital affairs. Widowed clerics were tempted to acquire a mistress, since a second marriage was forbidden. As a result, the article concludes that extramarital affairs of the clergy of the Orenburg diocese were not a rare occurrence, although they were condemned by society and the church itself

Fotografía DE SEÑORA AGARRANDO SILLA [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

RETRATO DE CABALLERO [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Minimum weight design of axially compressed ring and stringer stiffened cylindrical shells

Minimum weight design of axially compressed ring and stringer stiffened cylindrical shell

FUENTE DE LA ALCHACHOFA EN EL PARQUE [Material gráfico]

MADRIDCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Using the Secondary Resources as a Means of Ensuring the Ecological-Economic Efficiency of Coal Enterprises

The article is aimed at studying and developing measures of ecological-economic efficiency of coal industry enterprises in using secondary resources. It was stated that the majority of the State-owned coal mining enterprises are unprofitable. The reasons for this are high cost of production, reduction of coal production, outdated mine fund, prices for sold coal, which are much lower than the self-cost. It is noted that despite the decrease in coal production, the economic activity of coal mining enterprises has a significant negative impact on the environment. The structure of coal waste storage is analyzed and its impact on ecology and human health is identified. It is concluded that the main reserve for improving the efficiency of coal enterprises and reducing the negative impact on the environment is the use of coal waste as a secondary raw material. The foreign experience on the use of secondary coal raw materials for production of building materials (ecological bricks, highways), aluminium, etc. is analyzed. It is proposed to introduce these measures in Ukrainian coal enterprises with the purpose of Improvement of ecological-economic efficiency of the coal enterprises’ activities

Transmission roll an bush chains state and the manufacturing quality. Backward and the present look

Analyses of the manufacturing and the quality of the transmission roll and bush chains in the past-soviet period has been carried out condition of manufacturing transmission chains in foreign countries, as well as the problems of the Ukrainian production, have been analysed

El Palacio de la Diputación de Córdoba

Fondo procedente de la donación Marcos-Vicen