670 research outputs found
Freeze–thaw cycles have minimal effect on the mineralisation of low molecular weight, dissolved organic carbon in Arctic soils
Warmer winters in Arctic regions may melt
insulating snow cover and subject soils to more freeze–
thaw cycles. The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the
microbial use of low molecular weight, dissolved organic
carbon (LMW-DOC) is poorly understood. In this study,
soils from the Arctic heath tundra, Arctic meadow tundra
and a temperate grassland were frozen to -7.5 C and
thawed once and three times. Subsequently, the mineralisation of 3 LMW-DOC substrates types (sugars, amino
acids and peptides) was measured over an 8-day period and
compared to controls which had not been frozen. This
allowed the comparison of freeze–thaw effects between
Arctic and temperate soil and between different substrates.
The results showed that freeze–thaw cycles had no significant effect on C mineralisation in the Arctic tundra
soils. In contrast, for the same intensity freeze–thaw cycles,
a significant effect on C mineralisation was observed for all
substrate types in the temperate soil although the response
was substrate specific. Peptide and amino acid mineralisation were similarly affected by FT, whilst glucose had a
different response. Further work is required to fully
understand microbial use of LMW-DOC after freeze–thaw,
yet these results suggest that relatively short freeze–thaw
cycles have little effect on microbial use of LMW-DOC in
Arctic tundra soils after thaw
Experimental Facilities Development
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Low-Power Upconversion in Poly(Mannitol-Sebacate) Networks with Tethered Diphenylanthracene and Palladium Porphyrin
[EN] Efforts to fabricate low-power up converting solid-state systems have rapidly increased in the past decade because of their possible application in several fields such as
bio-imaging, drug delivery, solar harvesting or displays. The synthesis of upconverting cross-linked polyester rubbers with covalently tethered chromophores is presented here.
Cross-linked films were prepared by reacting a poly(mannitol- sebacate) pre-polymer with 9,10-bis(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) anthracene (DPA-(CH2OH)2) and palladium
mesoporphyrin IX. These chromophores served as emitters and sensitizers, respectively, and through a cascade of photophysical events, resulted in an anti-Stokes shifted emission. Indeed, blue emission (*440 nm) of these solid materials was detected upon excitation at 543 nm with a green laser and the power dependence of integrated unconverted intensity versus excitation was examined. The new materials display upconversion at power densities as low as 32 mW/cm2, and do not display phase de-mixing, which has been identified as an obstacle in rubbery blends comprising untethered chromophores.The authors are thankful for the financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (200021_13540/1 and 200020_152968), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project MAT2010/21494-C03) and the Adolphe Merkle Foundation. The authors thank Prof. Christoph Weder for his help and support.Lee, S.; Sonseca, A.; Vadrucci, R.; Giménez Torres, E.; Foster, E.; Simon, YC. (2014). Low-Power Upconversion in Poly(Mannitol-Sebacate) Networks with Tethered Diphenylanthracene and Palladium Porphyrin. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers. 24(5):898-903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-014-0063-7S898903245C. A. Parker, C. G. Hatchard. P. Chem. Soc. London, 386–387 (1962)Y.C. Simon, C. Weder, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 20817–20830 (2012)J.Z. Zhao, S.M. Ji, H.M. Guo, Rsc Adv. 1, 937–950 (2011)C. Reinhard, R. Valiente, H.U. Gudel, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 10051–10057 (2002)M. Haase, H. Schafer, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 50, 5808–5829 (2011)W.H. Wu, J.Z. Zhao, J.F. Sun, S. Guo, J. Org. Chem. 77, 5305–5312 (2012)T.T. Zhao, X.Q. Shen, L. Li, Z.P. Guan, N.Y. Gao, P.Y. Yuan, S.Q. Yao, Q.H. Xu, G.Q. Xu, Nanoscale 4, 7712–7719 (2012)C. Cepraga, T. Gallavardin, S. Marotte, P.H. Lanoe, J.C. Mulatier, F. Lerouge, S. Parola, M. Lindgren, P.L. Baldeck, J. Marvel, O. Maury, C. Monnereau, A. Favier, C. Andraud, Y. Leverrier, M.T. Charreyre, Polym. Chem. 4, 61–67 (2013)J. Qian, D. Wang, F.H. Cai, Q.Q. Zhan, Y.L. Wang, S.L. He, Biomaterials 33, 4851–4860 (2012)S. Baluschev, V. Yakutkin, T. Miteva, G. Wegner, T. Roberts, G. Nelles, A. Yasuda, S. Chernov, S. Aleshchenkov, A. Cheprakov, New J. Phys. 10, 013007 (2008)S. Baluschev, T. Miteva, V. Yakutkin, G. Nelles, A. Yasuda, G. Wegner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 143903 (2006)M. Samoc, A. Samoc, B. Luther-Davies, Opt. Express 11, 1787–1792 (2003)A. Monguzzi, J. Mezyk, F. Scotognella, R. Tubino, F. Meinardi, Phys. Rev. B 78(195112), 1–5 (2008)A. Monguzzi, R. Tubino, F. Meinardi, Phys. Rev. B 77, 155122-1-4 (2008)T.N. Singh-Rachford, R.R. Islangulov, F.N. Castellano, J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 3906–3910 (2008)C. Wohnhaas, A. Turshatov, V. Mailander, S. Lorenz, S. Baluschev, T. Miteva, K. Landfester, Macromol. Biosci. 11, 772–778 (2011)R.R. Islangulov, J. Lott, C. Weder, F.N. Castellano, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 12652–12653 (2007)Y.C. Simon, C. Weder, Chimia 66, 878 (2012)Y.C. Simon, S. Bai, M.K. Sing, H. Dietsch, M. Achermann, C. Weder, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 33, 498–502 (2012)S.H. Lee, J.R. Lott, Y.C. Simon, C. Weder, J. Mater. Chem. C 1, 5142–5148 (2013)S. Baluschev, P.E. Keivanidis, G. Wegner, J. Jacob, A.C. Grimsdale, K. Mullen, T. Miteva, A. Yasuda, G. Nelles, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 1–3 (2005)S. Baluschev, J. Jacob, Y.S. Avlasevich, P.E. Keivanidis, T. Miteva, A. Yasuda, G. Nelles, A.C. Grimsdale, K. Mullen, G. Wegner, ChemPhysChem 6, 1250–1253 (2005)P.C. Boutin, K.P. Ghiggino, T.L. Kelly, R.P. Steer, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 4113–4118 (2013)C.A. Sundback, J.Y. Shyu, Y.D. Wang, W.C. Faquin, R.S. Langer, J.P. Vacanti, T.A. Hadlock, Biomaterials 26, 5454–5464 (2005)Z.J. Sun, C. Chen, M.Z. Sun, C.H. Ai, X.L. Lu, Y.F. Zheng, B.F. Yang, D.L. Dong, Biomaterials 30, 5209–5214 (2009)A. Mahdavi, L. Ferreira, C. Sundback, J.W. Nichol, E.P. Chan, D.J.D. Carter, C.J. Bettinger, S. Patanavanich, L. Chignozha, E. Ben-Joseph, A. Galakatos, H. Pryor, I. Pomerantseva, P.T. Masiakos, W. Faquin, A. Zumbuehl, S. Hong, J. Borenstein, J. Vacanti, R. Langer, J.M. Karp, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2307–2312 (2008)A. Sonseca, S. Camarero-Espinosa, L. Peponi, C. Weder, E.J. Foster, J.M. Kenny, E. Giménez, J. Polym. Sci. Part A. (2014). doi: 10.1002/pola.27367R. Vadrucci, C. Weder, Y.C. Simon, J. Mater. Chem. C 2, 2837–2841 (2014)F.A. Lara, U. Lins, G.H. Bechara, P.L. Oliveira, J. Exp. Biol. 208, 3093–3101 (2005)R. Maliger, P.J. Halley, J.J. Cooper-White, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127, 3980–3986 (2013)S. H. Lee, M. A. Ayer, R. Vadrucci, C. Weder, Y. C. Simon, Polym. Chem. (2014)T.W. Schmidt, Y.Y. Cheng, B. Fuckel, T. Khoury, R.G.C.R. Clady, M.J.Y. Tayebjee, N.J. Ekins-Daukes, M.J. Crossley, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1795–1799 (2010)R. R. Islangulov, T. N. Singh, J. Lott, C. Weder, F. N. Castellano. Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 235 (2008
Mechanical and Shape-Memory Properties of Poly(mannitol sebacate)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites
"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sonseca, Á., Camarero‐Espinosa, S., Peponi, L., Weder, C., Foster, E. J., Kenny, J. M., & Giménez, E. (2014). Mechanical and shape‐memory properties of poly (mannitol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 52(21), 3123-3133., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27367. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Polyesters based on polyols and sebacic acid, known as poly(polyol sebacate)s (PPS), are attracting considerable attention, as their properties are potentially useful in the
context of soft-tissue engineering applications. To overcome the drawback that PPSs generally display rather low strength and stiffness, we have pursued the preparation of nano composites based poly(mannitol sebacate) (PMS), a prominent example of this materials family, with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Nanocomposites were achieved in a two-step process. A soluble, low-molecular-weight PMS pre-polymer was formed via
the polycondensation reaction between sebacic acid and D-mannitol. Nanocomposites with different CNC content were prepared by solution-casting and curing under vacuum using two different profiles designed to prepare materials with low and high degree of crosslinking. The as-prepared nano composites have higher stiffness and toughness than the neat PMS matrix while maintaining a high elongation at break. A highly
crosslinked nanocomposite with a CNC content of 5 wt % displays a sixfold increase in Young s modulus and a fivefold improvement in toughness. Nanocomposites also exhibit a shape memory effect with a switch temperature in the range of 15 to 45 C; in particular the materials with a thermal transition in the upper part of this range are potentially useful for biomedical applicationsThe authors gratefully acknowledge financial support received from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project MAT2010/21494-C03), as well as the support of FPU grant from MED (MED-FPU; AP2009-2482), JAE-Doc grant (CSIC co-financed by FSE), Swiss National Science foundation (National Research Programme 64, Project #406440_131264/1) and the Adolphe Merkle Foundation.Sonseca, A.; Camarero-Espinosa, S.; Peponi, L.; Weder, C.; Foster, E.; Kenny, JM.; Giménez Torres, E. (2014). Mechanical and Shape-Memory Properties of Poly(mannitol sebacate)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites. 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The High Resolution K600 Spectrometer
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY-931478
The Asymptotic D- to S-State Ratio for 3-He
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 81-14339 and by Indiana Universit
Analyzing Powers for Deuteron-Induced Reactions Leading to Continuum Final States
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 78-22774 A02 & A03 and by Indiana Universit
The High Resolution K600 Spectrometer
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Study of the 3-Nucleon System: d+p Breakup Measurements at E_d = 80 MeV
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 81-14339 and by Indiana Universit
Reaction Mechanism Implications of Deuteron Rainbow Scattering
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 78-22774 A02 & A03 and by Indiana Universit
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