[Review of] Wan Hashim. Race Relations in Malaysia

Wan Hashim is presently a lecturer in the Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia. He obtained his master\u27s degree in Social Anthropology from Monash University, Australia, and Ph.D. from the University of Manchester

A Relation Between the Warm Neutral and Ionized Media Observed in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey

We report on a comparison between 21 cm rotation measure (RM) and the optically-thin atomic hydrogen column density (N_HI) measured towards unresolved extragalactic sources in the Galactic plane of the northern sky. HI column densities integrated to the Galactic edge are measured immediately surrounding each of nearly 2000 sources in 1-arcminute 21 cm line data, and are compared to RMs observed from polarized emission of each source. RM data are binned in column-density bins 4x10^20 cm^-2 wide, and one observes a strong relationship between the number of hydrogen atoms in a 1 cm^2 column through the plane and the mean RM along the same line-of-sight and path length. The relationship is linear over one order of magnitude (from 0.8-14x10^21 atoms cm^-2) of column densities, with a constant RM/N_HI -23.2+/-2.3 rad m^-2/10^21 atoms cm^-2, and a positive RM of 45.0+/-13.8 rad m^-2 in the presence of no atomic hydrogen. This slope is used to calculate a mean volume-averaged magnetic field in the 2nd quadrant of ~1.0+/-0.1 micro-Gauss directed away from the Sun, assuming an ionization fraction of 8% (consistent with the WNM). The remarkable consistency between this field and =1.2 micro-Gauss found with the same RM sources and a Galactic model of dispersion measures suggests that electrons in the partially ionized WNM are mainly responsible for pulsar dispersion measures, and thus the partially-ionized WNM is the dominant form of the magneto-ionic interstellar medium.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, July 15, 201

Perceived abortion stigma and psychological well-being over five years after receiving or being denied an abortion.

OBJECTIVE:To prospectively assess perceptions of abortion stigma after receiving or being denied an abortion over 5 years, the factors associated with perceived abortion stigma, and the effects of perceived abortion stigma on psychological well-being. METHODS:We recruited people seeking abortion from 30 facilities across the US, and interviewed them by phone one week post-abortion seeking, then semiannually for 5 years. We used adjusted mixed effects regression analyses to examine the abortion stigma trajectories of those who obtained an abortion near a facility's gestational age limit (Near-limits) compared to those denied an abortion because they were just over the limit and carried their pregnancies to term (Turnaway-births). RESULTS:Of the 956 people recruited, we removed 28 due to ineligibility or missing data, leaving a final sample of 928. In unadjusted analyses, at one-week post-abortion seeking, over half of those seeking abortion perceived that if others knew they had sought an abortion, they would be looked down upon at least "a little bit" by people close to them (60%) or by people in their community (56%). In longitudinal adjusted analyses, people denied an abortion and who carried their pregnancies to term (Turnaway-birth group) reported significantly lower baseline perceived abortion stigma from people close to them (-0.38; 95% CI, -0.59, -0.16) and from people in their community (0.30; 95% CI, -0.52, -0.08), than Near-limits, differences that remained statistically significant for 1.5 years. Overall perceived abortion stigma declined significantly (p < .001) for both study groups. High perceived abortion stigma at baseline was associated with higher odds of experiencing psychological distress years later (adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.39, 11.37). CONCLUSIONS:Most people considering abortion perceive some abortion stigma, which is associated with psychological distress years later

Population Characteristics of Three Black Bass Species in the Upper Ohio River Drainage

In West Virginia, species of black bass are economically and ecologically important and support popular fisheries. In the state’s large, navigable river systems, recent information suggests that anglers consider these fisheries diminished relative to their historic stocks. This study sought to describe the population characteristics of Largemouth, Smallmouth, and Spotted Bass in the upper Ohio River drainage and evaluate possible management actions. Low relative abundances coupled with poor growth estimates for Largemouth and Spotted Bass suggests that a suite of environmental and anthropogenic factors may be reducing the quality of their recreational fisheries. Conversely, demographic estimates produced for Smallmouth Bass are average relative to rangewide estimates, suggesting that this species may be better suited for these habitats. Future research should attempt to determine the factors influencing the population characteristics of black bass species in the upper Ohio River drainage. To evaluate current length limit regulations, length, weight, and age information were collected from Smallmouth and Largemouth Bass sampled in the upper Ohio River drainage. These data were integrated into yield-per-recruit models to assess the impacts of growth overfishing under varying rates of exploitation and across several common minimum length-limits (MLL): no MLL, 10”, 12” and 14”. Data suggests that both Largemouth and Smallmouth fisheries in these systems are at risk when no length-limit is present, while yield is generally maximized under a 305-mm (12”) MLL under moderate rates (0.1-0.4) of conditional fishing mortality. Results from this study should be taken into consideration when enacting future length-limit regulations in these systems, although more precise estimates of mortality for Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass should be collected first

Variable mixer propulsion cycle

A design technique, method and apparatus are delineated for controlling the bypass gas stream pressure and varying the bypass ratio of a mixed flow gas turbine engine in order to achieve improved performance. The disclosed embodiments each include a mixing device for combining the core and bypass gas streams. The variable area mixing device permits the static pressures of the core and bypass streams to be balanced prior to mixing at widely varying bypass stream pressure levels. The mixed flow gas turbine engine therefore operates efficiently over a wide range of bypass ratios and the dynamic pressure of the bypass stream is maintained at a level which will keep the engine inlet airflow matched to an optimum design level throughout a wide range of engine thrust settings

Water-resource records of Brevard County, Florida

The U. S. Geological Survey made a comprehensive investigation of the water resources of Brevard County from 1954 to 1958. The purposes of this investigation were: (1) to determine the occurrence and chemical quality of water in the streams and lakes, (2) to determine the location and the thickness of aquifers, and (3) to determine the occurrence and chemical quality of the ground water. During the period from 1933 to 1954, water records were collected from a few stream-gaging stations and a few observation wells. The purpose of this report is to present basic data collected during these investigations. (Document has 188 pages.

The impact of retrofitting doors on performance of a retail display cabinet

Open fronted retail display cabinets for chilled food are prone to infiltration of warm and moist ambient air. This increases the heat loads on the cabinets, reducing energy efficiency and ability to maintain temperature control. Air curtains are employed to form a barrier to infiltration but are typically limited in their effectiveness. Adding doors can curtail a considerable proportion of the infiltration depending on door opening frequency. This paper describes ISO23953 test room measurement of the impact of retrofitting doors to a typical open fronted display cabinet. The open fronted cabinet was found to maintain test pack temperatures between 7.4 and -1.0°C (M2 classification with rounding applied) and consume 46.9 kWh/m2. Fitting doors to the same cabinet reduced the temperature span to between 3.6 and -1.0°C (M0 classification) and energy consumption to only 51.5% of that used by the open cabinet. Further adjustments were made to raise the maximum pack temperature to a value similar to the open cabinet and the resultant temperature span was between 7.2 and 3.4°C (M2 classification with rounding applied) and energy consumption only 39.4% of that used by the open cabinet

Carbon emissions from refrigeration used in the UK food industry

The food and beverage industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the UK. Food cold chains are energy intensive and use high global warming refrigerants. The aim of this work was to benchmark the existing UK cold chain and provide robust evidence-based data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2019. Only emissions from refrigeration within UK borders was considered. Both Scope 1 emissions from refrigerant leakage (fugitive) and diesel for the transport refrigeration units (TRUs) as well as Scope 2 emissions from electrical power usage were estimated. These were estimated to be 14.1 MtCO2e per annum which represents 3.5% of the total UK annual territorial GHG emissions. Eighty-three percent of the Scope 1 emissions were fugitive, and 56% of these were from retail refrigeration. Agriculture and fisheries were the sectors with the lowest fugitive emissions accounting for only 3.7% of the total. Scope 2 emissions accounted for 54% of the emissions and tended to increase towards the consumer end of the cold chain, with 1.5% in agriculture and fisheries and 38% in domestic refrigeration. The FAOSTAT value of GWP used for f-gas emissions is not representative of UK emissions. UK government statistics may be underestimating domestic refrigerator emissions as they are not using real life energy consumption