Survey on basic knowledge about exposure and potential environmental and health risks for selected nanomaterials

På basis af en litteraturundersøgelse gives en generel beskrivelse samt en miljø- og sundhedsprofil af 7 nanomaterialer. De undersøgte nanomaterialer er udvalgt på grund af forventet stor anvendelse eller særlige miljø- og sundhedsegenskaber. Fullerener, jern, sølv, nanoler samt titan-, cerium- og silicium dioksid har indgået i undersøgelsen. Det påpeges, at der er lille sandsynlighed for, at nuværende anvendelser af nano-jern og nanoler kan give uforudsete, nanorelaterede miljø- eller sundhedsproblemer. For de øvrige nanomaterialer, er der områder, hvor der kan være grund til opmærksomhed og til af skaffe mere viden, selvom der ikke er identificeret konkret risiko i forbindelse med nuværende anvendelser af nogen af de 7 undersøgte nanomaterialer.Based on a literature review this report provides a general description as well as an environmental and health profile of 7 nanomaterials. The examined nanomaterials are selected because of expected high use or specific environmental and health properties. Fullerenes, iron, silver, nanoclay and titanium-, cerium-, and silicondioxides were studied in the project. Based on current uses, it is concluded that current applications of nano-iron and nanoclay can not cause unexpected “nano-associated” health or environmental problems. Although no specific risk associated with current uses of any of the 7 other nanomaterials were identified, there are areas where there may be reason for attention and thus need for more knowledge

Uttalelse om Bayer CropScience genmodifiserte bomull LLCOTTON25 (EFSA/GMO/NL/2005/13). Vurdert og godkjent av Faggruppe for genmodifiserte organismer

publishedVersio

Uttalelse om Dow AgroSciences genmodifiserte bomull 281-24-236 x 3006-210-23 (EFSA/GMO/NL/2005/16). Vurdert og godkjent av Faggruppe for genmodifiserte organismer

publishedVersio

A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs)

There is considerable evidence that human genetic variation influences gene expression. Genome-wide studies have revealed that mRNA levels are associated with genetic variation in or close to the gene coding for those mRNA transcripts - cis effects, and elsewhere in the genome - trans effects. The role of genetic variation in determining protein levels has not been systematically assessed. Using a genome-wide association approach we show that common genetic variation influences levels of clinically relevant proteins in human serum and plasma. We evaluated the role of 496,032 polymorphisms on levels of 42 proteins measured in 1200 fasting individuals from the population based InCHIANTI study. Proteins included insulin, several interleukins, adipokines, chemokines, and liver function markers that are implicated in many common diseases including metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious conditions. We identified eight Cis effects, including variants in or near the IL6R (p = 1.8×10 -57), CCL4L1 (p = 3.9×10-21), IL18 (p = 6.8×10-13), LPA (p = 4.4×10-10), GGT1 (p = 1.5×10-7), SHBG (p = 3.1×10-7), CRP (p = 6.4×10-6) and IL1RN (p = 7.3×10-6) genes, all associated with their respective protein products with effect sizes ranging from 0.19 to 0.69 standard deviations per allele. Mechanisms implicated include altered rates of cleavage of bound to unbound soluble receptor (IL6R), altered secretion rates of different sized proteins (LPA), variation in gene copy number (CCL4L1) and altered transcription (GGT1). We identified one novel trans effect that was an association between ABO blood group and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels (p = 6.8×10-40), but this finding was not present when TNF-alpha was measured using a different assay , or in a second study, suggesting an assay-specific association. Our results show that protein levels share some of the features of the genetics of gene expression. These include the presence of strong genetic effects in cis locations. The identification of protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) may be a powerful complementary method of improving our understanding of disease pathways. © 2008 Melzer et al

Vurdering av genmodifisert insekts- og herbicidtolerant mais (C/ES/01/01) til bruk som fôrvare. Vurdering av Faggruppen for Genmodifiserte organismer for Vitenskapskomiteen for Matsikkerhet

publishedVersio

Helserisikovurdering av genmodifisert herbicidtolerant raps (C/BE/96/01) til bruk som fôrvare og næringsmiddel. Vurdering av Fagruppen for Genmodifiserte organismer for Vitenskapskomiteen for matsikkerhet

publishedVersio

FORSKNING PÅ HELSEEFFEKTER AV GENMODIFISERTE ORGANISMER. Vurdering av Faggruppen for Genmodifiserte organismer for Vitenskapskomiteen for Matsikkerhet (VKM)

publishedVersio