Influence du sélénium, sous forme organique et inorganique, sur les performances de reproduction des truies prépubères

Des truies ont reçu différents traitements alimentaires (C : sélénium (Se) basai = 0,2 ppm, n = 16; MSe : C + 0,3 ppm N a 2 S e 0 3 , n = 16; OSe : C + 0,3 ppm Se de levure, n = 17) du premier oestrus à 30 jours de gestation (insémination au quatrième oestrus) pour évaluer l'influence du Se sur les performances de reproduction. A l'abattage, les résultats des truies OSe étaient supérieurs pour le Se sanguin, les activités des glutathions peroxydases (GSH-Px et GSH-Px-Se) (P<0,01), les concentrations sanguines d'hormones thyroïdiennes (P<0,04), le poids, la longueur et le contenu en protéines des embryons (P=0,05), mais non pour l'homogénéité du développement selon le coefficient de variation intraportée. A l'ovulation, les truies C ont eu des activités GSH-Px et GSH-Px-Se inférieures, mais des concentrations plasmatiques d'a-tocophérol et de FRAP plus élevées. Le besoin en antioxydants lors de l'ovulation est comblé différemment selon les traitements

A collaborative model to implement flexible, accessible and efficient oncogenetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer : the C-MOnGene study

Medical genetic services are facing an unprecedented demand for counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a context of limited resources. To help resolve this issue, a collaborative oncogenetic model was recently developed and implemented at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Quebec; Canada. Here, we present the protocol of the C-MOnGene (Collaborative Model in OncoGenetics) study, funded to examine the context in which the model was implemented and document the lessons that can be learned to optimize the delivery of oncogenetic services. Within three years of implementation, the model allowed researchers to double the annual number of patients seen in genetic counseling. The average number of days between genetic counseling and disclosure of test results significantly decreased. Group counseling sessions improved participants' understanding of breast cancer risk and increased knowledge of breast cancer and genetics and a large majority of them reported to be overwhelmingly satisfied with the process. These quality and performance indicators suggest this oncogenetic model offers a flexible, patient-centered and efficient genetic counseling and testing for HBOC. By identifying the critical facilitating factors and barriers, our study will provide an evidence base for organizations interested in transitioning to an oncogenetic model integrated into oncology care; including teams that are not specialized but are trained in genetics

Body weight and ADHD: examining the role of self-regulation.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous childhood disorder that often coexists with other psychiatric and somatic disorders. Recently, a link between ADHD and body weight dysregulation has been reported and often interpreted as impaired self-regulation that is shared between the two conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate the relation between body weight/BMI and cognitive, emotional and motor characteristics in children with ADHD.284 ADHD children were stratified by weight status/BMI according to WHO classification and compared with regard to their neurocognitive characteristics, motivational style, and motor profile as assessed by a comprehensive battery of tests. All comparisons were adjusted for demographic characteristics of relevance including, socioeconomic status (SES).Both Obese and overweight ADHD children exhibited significantly lower SES compared to normal weight ADHD children. No significant differences were observed between the three groups with regards to their neurocognitive, emotional and motor profile.Our findings provide evidence that differences in weight/BMI are not accounted for by cognitive, motivational and motor profiles. Socio-economic characteristics are strongly associated with overweight and obesity in ADHD children and may inform strategies aimed at promoting healthier weight

Folie/Culture no 11 : La normalité ostentatoire

See French abstract

Neurocognitive features of ADHD children stratified according to BMI categories.

*<p> <i>Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. WISC-III = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 3rd edition scores. S scores = standardized Scores.</i></p

The Orphan Receptor GPR88 Controls Impulsivity and Is a Risk Factor for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

International audienceThe neural orphan G protein coupled receptor GPR88 is predominant in the striatum and cortex of both rodents and humans, and considered a potential target for brain disorders. Previous studies have shown multiple behavioral phenotypes in Gpr88 knockout mice, and human genetic studies have reported association with psychosis. Here we tested the possibility that GPR88 contributes to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In the mouse, we tested Gpr88 knockout mice in three behavioral paradigms, best translatable between rodents and humans, and found higher motor impulsivity and reduced attention together with the reported hyperactivity. Atomoxetine, a typical ADHD drug, reduced impulsivity in mutant mice. Conditional Gpr88 knockout mice in either D1R-type or D2R-type medium spiny neurons revealed distinct implications of the two receptor populations in waiting and stopping impulsivity. Thus, animal data demonstrate that deficient GPR88 activity causally promotes ADHD-like behaviors, and identify circuit mechanisms underlying GPR88-regulated impulsivity. In humans, we performed a family-based genetic study including 567 nuclear families with DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD. There was a minor association for SNP rs2036212 with diagnosis, treatment response and cognition. A stronger association was found for SNP rs2809817 upon patient stratification, suggesting that the T allele is a risk factor when prenatal stress is involved. Human data therefore identify GPR88 variants associated with the disease, and highlight a potential role of life trajectories to modulate GPR88 function. Overall, animal and human data concur to suggest that GPR88 signaling should be considered a key factor for diagnostic and treatment of ADHD

Motivational style and Motor traits of ADHD children stratified according to BMI categories.

*<p> <i>Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. Scores = standardized Scores. RASS  = Restricted Academic Situation Scale.</i></p><p> <i>Av. Scores  =  average score, SD. Scores  =  standard deviation score.</i></p

Demographic and baseline characteristics of ADHD children stratified according to three BMI categories.

*<p><i>Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. Rt  =  right, lft  =  left, amb  =  ambidextrous, gms  =  grams, #  =  number. Significant Post Hoc pairwis; comparison nomenclature;</i> ┼ <i> =  normal vs. over-weight, ╪  =  normal vs. obese.</i></p