Data and Model Results Associated with Stochastic in Space and Time: Parts 1 and 2.

<p>Processed datasets and model outputs associated with the two part  manuscript, two part manuscript in Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface, "Stochastic in Space and Time: Part 1, Characterizing Orographic Gradients in Mean Runoff and Daily Runoff Variability" and "Stochastic in Space and Time: Part 2, Effects of Simulating Orographic Gradients in Daily Runoff Variability on Bedrock River Incision" by Adam M. Forte and Matthew W. Rossi. Contents include:</p> <ul> <li>gagesII_wrr2_hcdn2009_routed.tgz - tarball containing individual textfiles of daily routed discharge from WaterGAP3 for selected HCDN2009 basins as described in the main text.</li> <li>wrr2_derived_data_v4.csv - textfile containing processed results of individual pixels of WaterGAP3 data</li> <li>wrr2_derived_Q.nc - NetCDF4 file containing processed results for WaterGAP3 related to the components of runoff</li> <li>wrr2_derived_v2.nc - NetCDF4 file containing processed results for WaterGAP3 related to runoff and precipitation along with other variables</li> <li>wrr2_events.tgz - tarball containing spatial statistics of identified runoff events by year above a given threshold in the WaterGAP3 data.</li> <li>wrr2_raster_outputs.tgz - tarball containing individual rasters of processed WaterGAP3 data, largely reproducing what is contained in the NetCDF4 files, but also including versions upsampled to higher resolution and some derivative products</li> <li>model_outputs_v2.tgz - tarball containing all 1D STIM profile model results presented in the paper. Individual timesteps are saved as pickle files and must be interpreted with the "stimpy" module included in the associated GitHub repository</li> <li>model_figures_v2.tgz - tarball containing representative figures showing profile and other aspects of model evolution for all model runs.<br> </li> </ul><p>This is a shared repository for a two part manuscript in Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface, "Stochastic in Space and Time: Part 1, Characterizing Orographic Gradients in Mean Runoff and Daily Runoff Variability" and "Stochastic in Space and Time: Part 2, Effects of Simulating Orographic Gradients in Daily Runoff Variability on Bedrock River Incision"</p&gt

Decoupling of modern shortening rates, climate, and topography in the Caucasus

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains and their associated foreland basins contain similar rock types, experience a similar two-fold, along-strike variation in mean annual precipitation, and were affected by extreme base-level drops of the neighboring Caspian Sea. However, the two Caucasus ranges are characterized by decidedly different tectonic regimes and rates of deformation that are subject to moderate (less than an order of magnitude) gradients in climate, and thus allow for a unique opportunity to isolate the effects of climate and tectonics in the evolution of topography within active orogens. There is an apparent disconnect between modern climate, shortening rates, and topography of both the Greater Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus which exhibit remarkably similar topography along-strike despite the gradients in forcing. By combining multiple datasets, we examine plausible causes for this disconnect by presenting a detailed analysis of the topography of both ranges utilizing established relationships between catchment-mean erosion rates and topography (local relief, hillslope gradients, and channel steepness) and combining it with a synthesis of previously published low-temperature thermochronologic data. Modern climate of the Caucasus region is assessed through an analysis of remotely-sensed data (TRMM and MODIS) and historical streamflow data. Because along-strike variation in either erosional efficiency or thickness of accreted material fail to explain our observations, we suggest that the topography of both the western Lesser and Greater Caucasus are partially supported by different geodynamic forces. In the western Lesser Caucasus, high relief portions of the landscape likely reflect uplift related to ongoing mantle lithosphere delamination beneath the neighboring East Anatolian Plateau. In the Greater Caucasus, maintenance of high topography in the western portion of the range despite extremely low (\u3c2–4 mm/y) modern convergence rates may be related to dynamic topography from detachment of the north-directed Greater Caucasus slab or to a recent slowing of convergence rates. Large-scale spatial gradients in climate are not reflected in the topography of the Caucasus and do not seem to exert any significant control on the tectonics or structure of either range

Assessing the Roles of Tectonics and Climate in Building Up and Breaking Down the Greater Caucasus Mountains: A Combined Analysis of Topography, Hydroclimate, Detrital Zircon (U-Th)/He, and 10Be Erosion Rate Data

International audienceThe Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains, a young (5-10 million years old) actively deforming mountain range within the central Arabia-Eurasia collision, are an interesting location to examine interplays between tectonics and climatically mediated surface processes. Currently, the range experiences an along-strike, order of magnitude eastward increase in convergence rate and decrease in precipitation, but has remarkably similar topography. Previous work suggests a role for either dynamic topography driven by slab detachment beneath the slowly-converging and wet western GC or dramatically different long-term convergence histories along-strike. However, other work has found no clear relation between climate proxies and the topography or tectonics of the GC, contrasting with expectations for strong climate-tectonics coupling. Assessing these hypotheses has proven challenging given the lack of millennial scale erosion rates or spatially consistent thermochronology datasets, with the latter data being almost exclusively located in the western GC. We have addressed these deficiencies with new datasets collected along-strike, consisting of 34 catchment averaged 10Be erosion rates and 623 single grain, doubly dated U-Pb and (U-Th)/He ages from zircons extracted from 7 of the 10Be catchments. We integrate these new data with detailed analyses of the hydroclimatic setting of the GC from modern streamflow records, topography, and recently published long-term regional plate motion reconstructions. We find that millennial scale erosion rates largely mirror decadal scale convergence rates. However, longer-term rates of cooling or implied rates of exhumation are remarkably consistent along-strike, implying that modern convergence rates do not reflect long-term rates. Neither the millennial or long-term rates of erosion or cooling are consistent with a contribution to rock uplift from slab detachment. Instead, exhumation rates and topography are well explained by a simple model of orogenic growth driven by long-term convergence from plate models. Finally, the insensitivity of topography and tectonics to precipitation seems related to the sublinear nature of the topography-erosion rate relationship, likely driven by the importance of snowmelt hydrology in driving low daily stream runoff variability

Assessing the Roles of Tectonics and Climate in Building Up and Breaking Down the Greater Caucasus Mountains: A Combined Analysis of Topography, Hydroclimate, Detrital Zircon (U-Th)/He, and 10Be Erosion Rate Data

International audienceThe Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains, a young (5-10 million years old) actively deforming mountain range within the central Arabia-Eurasia collision, are an interesting location to examine interplays between tectonics and climatically mediated surface processes. Currently, the range experiences an along-strike, order of magnitude eastward increase in convergence rate and decrease in precipitation, but has remarkably similar topography. Previous work suggests a role for either dynamic topography driven by slab detachment beneath the slowly-converging and wet western GC or dramatically different long-term convergence histories along-strike. However, other work has found no clear relation between climate proxies and the topography or tectonics of the GC, contrasting with expectations for strong climate-tectonics coupling. Assessing these hypotheses has proven challenging given the lack of millennial scale erosion rates or spatially consistent thermochronology datasets, with the latter data being almost exclusively located in the western GC. We have addressed these deficiencies with new datasets collected along-strike, consisting of 34 catchment averaged 10Be erosion rates and 623 single grain, doubly dated U-Pb and (U-Th)/He ages from zircons extracted from 7 of the 10Be catchments. We integrate these new data with detailed analyses of the hydroclimatic setting of the GC from modern streamflow records, topography, and recently published long-term regional plate motion reconstructions. We find that millennial scale erosion rates largely mirror decadal scale convergence rates. However, longer-term rates of cooling or implied rates of exhumation are remarkably consistent along-strike, implying that modern convergence rates do not reflect long-term rates. Neither the millennial or long-term rates of erosion or cooling are consistent with a contribution to rock uplift from slab detachment. Instead, exhumation rates and topography are well explained by a simple model of orogenic growth driven by long-term convergence from plate models. Finally, the insensitivity of topography and tectonics to precipitation seems related to the sublinear nature of the topography-erosion rate relationship, likely driven by the importance of snowmelt hydrology in driving low daily stream runoff variability