Nonanalytic behavior of the spin susceptibility in clean Fermi systems

The wavevector and temperature dependent static spin susceptibility, \chi_s(Q,T), of clean interacting Fermi systems is considered in dimensions 1\leq d \leq 3. We show that at zero temperature \chi_s is a nonanalytic function of |Q|, with the leading nonanalyticity being |Q|^{d-1} for 1<d<3, and Q^2\ln|Q| for d=3. For the homogeneous spin susceptibility we find a nonanalytic temperature dependence T^{d-1} for 1<d<3. We give qualitative mode-mode coupling arguments to that effect, and corroborate these arguments by a perturbative calculation to second order in the electron-electron interaction amplitude. The implications of this, in particular for itinerant ferromagnetism, are discussed. We also point out the relation between our findings and established perturbative results for 1-d systems, as well as for the temperature dependence of \chi_s(Q=0) in d=3.Comment: 12pp., REVTeX, 5 eps figures, final version as publishe

Helicity Modulus and Fluctuating Type II Superconductors: Elastic Approximation and Numerical Simulations

We develop the helicity modulus as a criterion for superconducting order in the mixed phase of a fluctuating type II superconductor. We show that there is a duality relation between this helicity modulus and the superfluid density of a system of analog 2D bosons. We show that the vortex line lattice exhibits a perfect Meissner effect with respect to a shearing perturbation of the applied magnetic field, and this becomes our creterion for "longitudinal superconductivity" parallel to the applied field. We present arguments based on the 2D boson analogy, as well as the results of numerical simulations, that suggest that longitudinal superconductivity can persist into the vortex line liquid state for systems of finite thickness, comparable to those commonly found in experiments.Comment: 63 pages, 22 postscript figure

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Biorefinery study of availability of agriculture residues and wastes for integrated biorefineries in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Brazil has a great potential for use renewable raw materials in biorefineries. It is one of the largest producers of agricultural and animal commodities, which produce large amounts of residues and wastes. These agricultural residues and animal waste can be effectively transformed to energy and other products in systems similar to a ethanol refinery where an integrated process involves conversion for biomass into fuel, energy and chemicals, integrated in the context of a biorefinery. The objective of this work is the determination of the actual availability of main agricultural residues and animal wastes generated in Brazil and of their generation potential index and their prospects for 2020. The results indicate that the sugarcane has the highest agronomic availability, reaching 157 million tons of fresh material and an estimated reuse potential of 19.6 million tons (dry basis), followed by soybeans, rice, maize, orange, wheat, cotton, cassava and tobacco. Published by Elsevier B.V.777888Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2011/19817-1, 2012/11561-0, 2012/11459-1

Anaerobic Digestion And Biogas Production: Combine Effluent Treatment With Energy Generation In Uasb Reactor As Biorefinery Annex

The issue of residues and industrial effluents represents an unprecedented environmental challenge in terms of recovery, storage, and treatment. This work discusses the perspectives of treating effluents through anaerobic digestion as well as reporting the experience of using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor as biorefinery annex in a pulp and paper industrial plant to be burned in the boilers. The performance of the reactors has shown to be stable under considerable variations in load and showed a significant potential in terms of biogas production. The reactors UASB treated 3600.00 m3 of effluent daily from a production of 150.00 tons. The biogas generation was 234.000 kg/year/mill, equivalent in combustible oil. The results of methane gas generated by the anaerobic system UASB (8846.00 kcal/m3) dislocate the equivalent of 650.0 kg of combustible oil (10000.00 kcal/kg) per day (or 234.000 kg/year). The production of 8846.00 Kcal/m3 of energy from biogas can make a run at industrial plant for 2 hours. This substitution can save US$128.700 annually (or US$ 550.0 of fuel oil/tons). The companies are invested in the use of the biogas in diesel stationary motors cycle that feed the boilers with water in case of storage electricity. © 2014 Mauro Berni et al.2014Mussatto, S.I., Dragone, G., Roberto, I.C., Brewers' spent grain: Generation, characteristics and potential applications (2006) Journal of Cereal Science, 43 (1), pp. 1-14. , DOI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.06.001, PII S0733521005000706BRACELPA - Associação Brasileira de Celulosee Papel, Evolução da Produção Brasileira de Papel, Pulp and Paper Sector Results, Edição n. 59, 2013Mladenov, M., Pelovski, Y., Utilization of wastes from pulp and paper industry (2010) Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 45 (1), pp. 33-38Harrison, R.B., Guerrini, I.A., Henry, C.L., Cole, D.W., Reciclagem de resíduos industriais e urbanos em áreas de reflorestamento (2003) Circular Técnica, (198), pp. 1-20Berni, M.D., Dorileo, I.L., Prado, J.M., Forster-Carneiro, T., Meireles, M.A.A., Advances in biofuel production (2013) Biofuels Production, pp. 11-58. , Beverly, Mass, USA ScrivenerKamm, B., Kamm, M., Gruber, P.R., Kromus, S., Biorefinery systems - An overview (2006) Bioferineries-Industrial Process and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions, 1, pp. 1-40. , Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCHForster-Carneiro, T., Isaac, R., Perez, M.G., Schvartz, C., Anaerobic digestion: Pretreatments of substrates (2011) Biogas Production: Pretreatment Methods in Anaerobic Digestion, 1, pp. 1-18. , Massachusetts, Calif, USA ScrivenerZupancic, G.D., Ros, M., Aerobic and two-stage anaerobic-aerobic sludge digestion with pure oxygen and air aeration (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99 (1), pp. 100-109. , DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.054, PII S0960852406006407Pescod, M.B., Wastewater Treatment and Use in Agriculture, , FAO - Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Irrigation and drainage paper, pp 1-169, 1992Forster-Carneiro, T., Pérez, M., Romero, L.I., Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99 (15), pp. 6763-6770. , 2-s2.0-44649190455 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.052Cea-Barcia, G., Carrère, H., Steyer, J.P., Patureau, D., Evidence for PAH removal coupled to the first steps of anaerobic digestion in sewage sludge (2013) International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, p. 6. , 2-s2.0-84876534693 10.1155/2013/450542 450542Abdelgadir, A., Chen, X., Liu, J., Xie, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, K., Wang, H., Liu, N., Characteristics, process parameters, and inner components of anaerobic bioreactors (2014) BioMed Research International, 2014, p. 10. , 841573 10.1155/2014/841573Bahar, K.I., Zeynep, C., Orhan, I., Pollution prevention in the pulp and paper industries (2010) Environmental Management in Practice, pp. 223-246. , Istanbul, Turkey Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental SciencePokhrel, D., Viraraghavan, T., Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater - A review (2004) Science of the Total Environment, 333 (1-3), pp. 37-58. , DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.05.017, PII S0048969704004279Forster-Carneiro, T., Pérez, M., Romero, L.I., Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes: Dry thermophilic performance (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99 (17), pp. 8180-8184. , 2-s2.0-47949125430 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.021Fernández, J., Pérez, M., Romero, L.I., Effect of substrate concentration on dry mesophilic anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99 (14), pp. 6075-6080Zahedi, S., Romero, L.I., Solera, R., Optimisation of single-phase dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion under high organic loading rates of industrial municipal solid waste: Population dynamics (2013) Bioresource Technology, 148, pp. 443-452Technologies, M., Colorado Agriculture IOF Technology Assessments: Anaerobic Digestion, , Editor Governor's Office of Energy Conservation and Management Inc. Union Blvd, 1-17, 2005Schmidt, J.E., Ahring, B.K., Granular sludge formation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (1997) Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49 (3), pp. 229-246. , 2-s2.0-0031053283Kim, M., Ahn, Y.-H., Speece, R.E., Comparative process stability and efficiency of anaerobic digestionmesophilic vs. Thermophilic (2002) Water Research, 36 (17), pp. 4369-4385. , DOI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00147-1, PII S0043135402001471Lissens, G., Vandevivere, P., De Baere, L., Biey, E.M., Verstraete, W., Solid waste digestors: Process performance and practice for municipal solid waste digestion (2001) Water Science and Technology, 44 (8), pp. 91-102Dinsmore, N., Anaerobic treatment allows viable handling of bleached CTMP Effluent (1987) Pulp and PaperElmitwalli, T.A., Zandvoort, M.H., Zeeman, G., Burning, H., Lettinga, G., Low temperature treatment of domestic sewage in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic hybrid reactors (1999) Water Science and Technology, 39 (5), pp. 177-185. , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00100-6, PII S0273122399001006Chynoweth, D.P., Wilkie, A.C., Owens, J.M., Anaerobic Treatment of Piggery Slurry (1999) Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 12 (4), pp. 607-628Alabaster, G.P., Mills, S.W., Osebe, S.A., Thitai, W.N., Pearson, H.W., Mara, D.D., Muiruri, P., Combined treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater in waste stabilisation pond systems in Kenya (1991) Water Science and Technology, 24 (1), pp. 43-52. , 2-s2.0-0025919647Flohr, L., Castilhos Júnior, A.B.D., Matias, W.G., Acute and chronic toxicity of soluble fractions of industrial solid wastes on daphnia magna and vibrio fischeri (2012) The Scientific World Journal, 2012, p. 10. , 2-s2.0-84861054553 10.1100/2012/643904 643904Peralta-Zamora, P., Esposito, E., Reyes, J., Duran, N., Remediation of effluents from paper and cellulose industry. Biological and photocatalytic treatment (1997) Quimica Nova, 20 (2), pp. 186-190Commission, E., Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) - Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, , GK/IK/MR/GG/EIPPCB/PP, 2001Junior, J.L., Cortez, L.A.B., Silva, A., (1997) Biodigestão, , Manaus, Brazil Tecnologiasda Conversão da BiomassaEDUA/EFEISánchez Rubal, J., Cortacans Torre, J.A., Castillo González, I., Influence of temperature, agitation, sludge concentration and solids retention time on primary sludge fermentation (2012) International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, p. 8. , 2-s2.0-84862273481 10.1155/2012/861467 861467Berni, M.D., Bajay, S.V., Geração de energia e a digestão anaeróbica no tratamento de efluentes: Estudo-de-caso na indústria de papel (2003) Anais 3 Encontro de Energia Meio Rural, pp. 1-4. , São Paulo-SP UNICAMPEPE-Energy Research Company, Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), National Energy Balance, Brazilian energy balance, 1-11, 2011Burton, C.H., The potential contribution of separation technologies to the management of livestock manure (2007) Livestock Science, 112 (3), pp. 208-216. , DOI 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.09.004, PII S1871141307004702, Recycling of Livestock Manure in a Whole-Farm PerspectiveStatistical yearbok 2008 (2009) Abraf Statistical Yearbook, pp. 1-9

Obtaining sugars from coconut husk, defatted grape seed, and pressed palm fiber by hydrolysis with subcritical water

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this work, three residues from the food industry (coconut husk, defatted grape seed and pressed palm fiber) were subjected to subcritical water hydrolysis with the aim of producing fermentable sugars. Hydrolysis kinetics were determined using a semi-batch unit equipped with a 50 mL reactor. The process was conducted at 208 degrees C and 257 degrees C for 30 mm, with water flow rate of 33 mL/min and under 20 MPa. The liquefaction degree of the raw materials increased with temperature. The total reducing sugars recovered also increased with temperature. Maximum total reducing sugars recovered for coconut husk, defatted grape seed and pressed palm fiber using SWH were 11.7%, 6.4% and 11.9% from total raw material, respectively. Coconut husk presented the highest amount of monosaccharides (3.4%), followed by pressed palm fiber (2.4%) and defatted grape seeds (0.7%). On the other hand, the degradation products that are also fermentation inhibitors increased with temperature as well. Each raw material presented a different monosaccharides and inhibitors profile, which indicates that SWH should be evaluated and optimized individually for each case. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.898998Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2010/08684-8, 2011/19817-1, 2012/10692-4, 2013/10037-9]CNPq [160469/2011-2, 301301-2010-7

Uses And Applications Of Extracts From Natural Sources

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