Longitudinal study of physical activity in Spanish young adolescents : weight status and gender differences

Past research indicates there are marked declines in physical activity (PA) during adolescence. Recent studies are offering new insights. This longitudinal study investigates changes in intensities of PA (moderate-to-vigorous vs. light), by gender and weight-status, in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Students, on average 13.9 years-old (N=833 at baseline), were followed- up a year and two years later (N=474 provided data at the three time points). Self-reported PA was recorded. Analyses revealed that PA prevalence is low, although, overtime, slight increments were observed. Girls showed higher increments in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); boys showed higher increments in light physical activity (LPA). Investigating by weight-status, normal-weight boys showed increments over time in LPA; no changes observed for normal-weight girls. Overweight/obese girls increased their total PA (TPA) and MVPA; overweight/obese boys increased their LPA. Underweight boys and girls decreased their TPA. Interventions targeting specific intensities of PA may be beneficial for different groups based on their gender and weight status.Investigaciones anteriores indican que hay marcadas disminuciones en la actividad física (AF) durante la adolescencia. Estudios más recientes ofrecen nuevos conocimientos. Este estudio longitudinal investiga los cambios en las intensidades de la AF (moderada a vigorosa versus ligera), por género y estatus de peso, en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. Los estudiantes, que en la línea base tenían un promedio de 13.9 años de edad (N = 833 al inicio), fueron seguidos uno y dos años más tarde (N = 474 proporcionaron datos en las tres mediciones de tiempo). La AF fue auto-informada. Los análisis revelaron que la prevalencia de AF es baja, aunque, a lo largo del tiempo, se observaron incrementos leves. Las niñas mostraron incrementos más altos en la actividad física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV); los niños mostraron mayores incrementos en la actividad física leve (AFL). Investigando por estatus de peso, los niños de peso normal mostraron incrementos a lo largo del tiempo en AFL; No se observaron cambios en las niñas de peso normal. Las niñas con sobrepeso/obesidad aumentaron su AF total (AFT) y AFMV; Los niños con sobrepeso / obesidad aumentaron su AFL. Los niños y niñas con bajo peso disminuyeron su AFL. Las intervenciones dirigidas a intensidades específicas de AF pueden ser beneficiosas para diferentes grupos según su género y estatus de peso.Pesquisas anteriores indicam que há declínios acentuados na atividade física (AF) durante a adolescência. Estudos recentes estão oferecendo novos conhecimentos. Este estudo longitudinal investiga mudanças nas intensidades de AF (moderada a vigorosa vs. leve), por sexo e status de peso, em uma amostra de adolescentes espanhóis. Os alunos, em média, 13,9 anos de idade (N = 833 no início do estudo), foram acompanhados por um ano e dois anos mais tarde (N = 474 dados fornecidos nos três pontos de tempo). A AF autorreferida foi registrada. Análises revelaram que a prevalência de AF é baixa, embora, horas extras, pequenos incrementos tenham sido observados. Meninas apresentaram maiores incrementos na atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV); os meninos apresentaram maiores incrementos na atividade física leve (AFL). Investigando por peso-status, meninos com peso normal mostraram incrementos ao longo do tempo em AFL; nenhuma alteração observada para meninas com peso normal. Meninas com sobrepeso / obesidade aumentaram seu AF total (AFT) e AFMV; meninos com sobrepeso / obesos aumentaram seu AFL. Meninos e meninas com baixo peso diminuíram o AFT. Intervenções direcionadas a intensidades específicas de AF podem ser benéficas para diferentes grupos com base em seu gênero e status de peso

Escala para la calidad de los servicios y lealtad del consumidor en tiendas de alimentación

Actualmente el comercio local está amenazado por la competencia de las grandes superficies, siendo crucial apostar por la satisfacción y lealtad. El objetivo del estudio fue elaborar un instrumento para evaluar la satisfacción y la lealtad en tiendas de alimentación y estudiar la influencia de variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó una entrevista personal compuesta por 36 ítems agrupados en seis dimensiones: trato-clientela, instalaciones, producto, servicios, fidelidad y valor añadido, a 712 participantes. Las puntuaciones globales fueron positivas y homogéneas, destacando las escalas de producto, lealtad y trato-clientela, y siendo este último el factor más explicativo de la satisfacción. Los hombres y el grupo de 21-35 años presentan una menor satisfacción. Tres escalas se asocian positivamente con la escala de lealtadLocal trade is currently under the threat of competition from department stores; thus, it is crucial to concentrate on satisfaction and loyalty. To develop an instrument to evaluate satisfaction and loyalty in delicatessens and to study the influence of socio-demographic variables on these aspects. A personal interview was applied that was composed of 36 items grouped into six dimensions: treatment of costumers, facilities, product, services, loyalty and value added, conducted with 712 participants. Positive and homogenous overall scores were obtained, specially product, loyalty and handling of customer scales, the latter being the most explicative factor of satisfaction. Men and the 21-35 year age group show low satisfaction. Three scales are positively associated with the loyalty scal

Body image dissatisfaction, physical activity and screen-time in Spanish adolescents

This cross-sectional study contributes to the literature on whether body dissatisfaction (BD) is a barrier/ facilitator to engaging in physical activity (PA), and to investigate the impact of mass-media messages via computer-time on BD. High-school students (N=1501), reported their PA, computer-time (homework/leisure), and BD. Researchers measured students'weight and height. Analyses revealed that BD was negatively associated with PA, on both genders; whereas computer-time was associated only with girls' BD. Specifically, as computer-homework increased, BD decreased; as computer-leisure increased, BD increased. Weight-related interventions should improve body image and PA simultaneously, whilst critical consumption of mass-media interventions should include a computer component

Spanish adaptation and validation of the Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S)

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the: (i) internal structure of the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S) with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA); (ii) measurement invariance by gender, grade, weight status, socio-economic status (SES) and family affluence; and (iii) relationships with these external variables. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CFSSM-S and other tools were employed to assess food insecurity, weight status, SES and family affluence, respectively. Setting: A secondary school (grades 7-10) in the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain. Subjects: Participants included adolescent boys and girls (n 426) aged 12-17 years. Results: The cross-validation design with EFA and CFA captured a single factor, 'food insecurity'. The goodness-of-fit for the one-factor model with CFA (root-mean-square error of approximation=0·038, comparative fit index=0·984, Tucker-Lewis index=0·979) and internal consistency (ω=0·95) were excellent. The measurement invariance indicated that CFSSM-S could be used across genders, grades, weight status, SES and family affluence. Only mean differences for SES and family affluence were found which showed a linear trend, indicating higher CFSSM-S scores for participants with lower SES and family affluence. Of participants, 1·9 % experienced very low food security, 16·4 % low food security and 81·7 % were food secure. Conclusions: The CFSSM-S is the first validated instrument to assess food insecurity with psychometric guarantees in Spanish adolescents. Researchers and health practitioners in Spain could use this self-reported questionnaire to gain more information about adolescent health in relation to food insecurit

Spanish validation of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) for adolescents

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICPurpose Weight Bias Internalization (WBI) is pervasive and potentially damaging for health. Little is known about WBI in youth. As negative efects of WBI have been observed when controlling for BMI, measures that allow WBI to be assessed across diferent weight categories are needed. The Modifed Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) is one of the most frequently used scales in this feld. Our purpose was to obtain a Spanish validated version of the WBIS-M for adolescents across diferent weight statuses. Methods The data were collected from 298 secondary students (mean age 14.31; 48.32% girls; 18.8% were overweight and 6.4% had obesity). Internal structure was examined by a cross-validation analysis, using both exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses in diferent subsamples. Results Item 1 showed a psychometric anomalous functioning and was deleted. The one-factor structure of the 10-item version was confrmed with adequate ft ([EFA (KMO =0.915, χ2(55)=1075.633, p<0.0001)]; [CFA (χ2 (35)=200.515; GFI=0.995; PGFI=0.992; NFI=0.991; SRMR=0.060)]). Internal consistency was high (훼 = 0.93; ω=0.93). Signifcant correlations with the same set of external variables assessed in the original version (anti-fat bias, self-esteem, mood, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, binge eating), all of them correlates of WBI in adolescents, were found. Girls and participants with obesity obtained higher scores. Conclusion The results provide support for the validity and reliability of our WBIS-M version for use with adolescents across weight categories in Spain. Level of evidence Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort studies

Development and validation of a questionnaire about determinants of academic success in secondary school students

Introduction: School failure is a major challenge at individual and social levels, owing to its negative impact on social cohesion, citizen participation, economic development, and sustainability and also its impact on health habits. Various studies have shown the link between family socio-economic level and educational results, to the point that this factor has been regarded as their principal determinant. Nonetheless, the essentially attributing school failure to the students’ milieu is only descriptive in value and could impede the development of more appropriate responses to this challenge. A better systemic and integral understanding of the phenomenon might contribute to a better approach to the problem through the development of new proposals for public policy and socio-educational actions. To this end, it is necessary to have appropriate measurement instruments that evaluate different dimensions in an integrated manner. Method: The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire on Determinants of Success at School (QDSS) in a sample of 858 secondary-school students resident in vulnerable socio-demographic settings from 5 Spanish cities. The questionnaire combines items about factors that specialist literature has significantly linked to educational attainment, excluding those that already have specific validated questionnaires. Results: The principal component analysis gave 7 factors: school environment, relationships with classmates, personal expectations, social capital, ITC study resources, climate in class, and family support. The goodness of fit indices show good properties for the questionnaire. Conclusion: The QDSS is an instrument that has appropriate psychometric properties for use in identifying factors that support educational success in secondary-school students.Introducción: El fracaso escolar supone un gran desafío tanto a nivel individual como a nivel social, por su impacto negativo en la cohesión social, la participación ciudadana, el desarrollo económico, la sostenibilidad e incluso su incidencia sobre los hábitos de salud. Diversos estudios han puesto de manifiesto la asociación entre el nivel socioeconómico familiar y los resultados escolares, hasta el punto de que dicho factor se ha considerado su principal determinante. No obstante, el hecho de atribuir el fracaso escolar esencialmente al contexto de pertenencia solo tiene valor descriptivo y podría estar dificultando el desarrollo de respuestas más adecuadas a este gran desafío. Una mejor comprensión sistémica e integral del fenómeno podría contribuir a un mejor abordaje de la problemática mediante el desarrollo de nuevas propuestas de política pública y de acción socioeducativa. Para ello, es necesario disponer de los instrumentos de medida adecuados que evalúen diferentes dimensiones de una manera integrada. Método: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario sobre Condicionantes de Éxito Escolar (CCEE) en una muestra de 858 alumnos de secundaria residentes en contextos socio-demográficos vulnerables de 5 ciudades españolas. El cuestionario recoge ítems sobre aquellos factores que la literatura especializada ha vinculado de manera relevante con el rendimiento escolar, excluyendo aquellos que ya disponen de cuestionarios específicos validados. Resultados: el análisis de componentes principales dio lugar a 7 factores: contexto escolar, relaciones con los compañeros, expectativas personales, capital social, recursos TIC para el estudio, clima en clase y apoyo familiar. Los índices de ajuste muestran unas buenas propiedades del cuestionario. Conclusión: se concluye que el CCEE es un instrumento que posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en la identificación de factores que apoyan el éxito educativo en alumnos de secundaria

Acogimiento residencial : problemas emocionales y conductuales

En esta investigación se analizó la prevalencia de problemas emocionales y conductuales en niños en acogimiento residencial así como la influencia del tiempo de institucionalización. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 26 niños de ambos sexos en situación residencial y 45 niños que vivían con sus familias emparejados según edades y sexo. El instrumento de evaluación empleado fue el Behavior Assessment System for Children, BASC: autoinforme, formas padres y profesores. Se encontraron más problemas de conducta externalizada e internalizada, mayores dificultades de socialización y problemas de aprendizaje en los niños en acogimiento residencial. A mayor tiempo de institucionalización la agresividad, los problemas de conducta, y la percepción negativa hacia los profesores se incrementan y disminuye el ajuste personalThe prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems affecting children in residential care as well as the influence of the institutionalization length were analyzed. The sample consisted of 26 children in residential care and 45 children living with their families paired according to age and gender. The data collection procedure used was the Behavior Assessment System for Children, BASC :self-report scale, teacher rating scale and parent rating scale. Children in residential care were found to have more behavioral and emotional problems, greater difficulties in adaptation, as well as more learning difficulties. The length of institutionalization time increases aggressiveness, behavioral problems, the negative view towards teacher and decreases personal adjustmen

Assessment of cognition and language in the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder : usefulness of the Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development, third edition

The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of the Cognitive and Language scales Bayley-III in the early assessment of cognitive and language functions in the context of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. This paper focuses on the application of the Bayley-III and studies the predictive value of the test result in children with ASD with different levels of verbal ability. A sample of 135 children (121 boys, 14 girls) with a confirmed ASD diagnosis at age 4 years were assessed with the Bayley-III before 42 months of age (m = 36.49, s = 4.46) and later with other rating scales of different psychological and psycholinguistic functions as part of a longitudinal study [ McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) (n = 48, 90% boys), Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) (n = 38, 87% boys) or Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) (n = 44, 89% boys)]. Age assessment in months: MSCA (m = 48.80, s = 3.33), K-ABC (m = 51.80, s = 7.17) and ITPA (m = 54.48, s = 3.34). Lower scores on the cognitive and language Bayley-III scales before 3.5 years of age predicted lower cognitive and oral language levels at 4 years of age. A significant correlation was found between the Cognitive Bayley-III Scale and the General Cognitive MSCA Scale, and with the Compound K-ABC Mental Processing. An association between the nonverbal cognitive level and oral language level acquired at 4 years of age was found. The Bayley-III is a useful instrument in cognitive and language assessment of ASD

Usefulness of the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, third edition, in the early diagnosis of language disorder

Background: Language disorder (LD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and early diagnosis has an impact on speech therapy practice. The aim of this work is to test the usefulness of the Cognitive and Language scales of the Bayley-III in the early diagnosis of LD. Method: In a longitudinal study, a clinical sample of 187 children with diagnostic hypothesis of communication disorders at 4.5 years was assessed with the Bayley-III before age 3.5 years and subsequently with other scales of different psychological and psycholinguistic functions. Results: The results indicate that children with LD scored significantly lower than their control groups in all subtests and compounds of the Bayley-III. Additionally, low scores on the Language composite in the Bayley-III predicted lower scores in the Auditory-vocal Channel of the ITPA. A significant correlation was obtained between the Cognitive Scale of the Bayley-III and the General Cognitive Scale of the MSCA and the Mental Processing Composite of the K-ABC. Conclusions: We can draw the conclusion that the Cognitive and Language scales of the Bayley-III are a useful instrument for early diagnosis of LD, and can also discriminate more severe forms of LDAntecedentes: el trastorno del lenguaje (TL) es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la utilidad de las escalas Cognitiva y de Lenguaje de Bayley-III en el diagnóstico precoz de los TL. Método: una muestra clínica de 187 niños con hipótesis diagnóstica de trastorno de la comunicación a los 4,5 años fue evaluada con Bayley-III antes de los 3,5 años y posteriormente con otras escalas de evaluación de diferentes funciones psicológicas y psicolingüísticas en un estudio longitudinal. Resultados: los resultados indican que los niños con TL obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente inferiores a sus grupos control en todos los subtests y compuestos de Bayley-III. Además, puntuaciones bajas en el compuesto de Lenguaje de Bayley-III predecían puntuaciones inferiores en el Canal Auditivo-vocal del ITPA. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la Escala Cognitiva del Bayley-III y la Escala General Cognitiva de MSCA y con la de Procesamiento Mental Compuesto del K.ABC. Conclusiones: concluimos que las escalas Cognitiva y de Lenguaje de Bayley-III son un instrumento útil en el diagnóstico precoz de los TL, capaces además de discriminar sus formas más grave

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale

Background: Passion has been shown to be involved in psychological processes that emerge in diverse human activities like physical activity and sports, work, leisure, videogaming, pathological gambling, and interpersonal relationships. We aimed to present evidence of validity and internal consistency of the Passion Scale in Spanish based on the Dualistic Model of Passion, comprising harmonious and obsessive dimensions. Method: The sample comprised 1,007 participants (350 females and 657 males), aged 16-65 (Md= 30.0 years). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), measurement invariance and Multiple-Cause-Multiple-Indicator models (MIMIC) were used. Results: Fit for the ESEM 2-factor solution was acceptable. Near full or partial measurement invariance across sex, type of activity, and age was supported. Relationships between both harmonious and obsessive dimensions and the external variables considered (age, sex, and criterion items) reasonably replicated those found in previous studies. Both scale scores showed adequate internal consistency (α = .81). Conclusions: Empirical evidence for the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Passion Scale is satisfactory and reveals that the scale is comparable to the English and French versions. Therefore, the Passion Scale can be used in research conducted in SpanishAntecedentes: la pasión es uno de los elementos de los diversos procesos psicológicos presentes en diversas actividades como la actividad física, el deporte, el ocio, el trabajo y las relaciones interpersonales. El objetivo del estudio fue presentar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión española de la Escala de la Pasión, basada en el modelo dual de la pasión que comprende las dimensiones armoniosa y obsesiva. Método: participaron 1.007 personas (350 mujeres y 657 hombres) de 16-65 años (Md= 30). Se usó modelado de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (ESEM), invariancia factorial y modelos de múltiples-indicadores-múltiples-causas (MIMIC). Resultados: el ajuste de la solución de 2 factores con ESEM fue aceptable. Se obtuvo invariancia casi completa o parcial en función del sexo, el tipo de actividad y la edad. Las relaciones entre ambas dimensiones armoniosa y obsesiva y las variables externas consideradas (edad, sexo e ítems criterio) replicaron razonablemente los resultados de estudios previos. Ambas puntuaciones mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada (α = .81). Conclusiones: las evidencias de validez y consistencia interna halladas con la versión española de la Escala de la Pasión son satisfactorias y muestran que la escala es comparable a las versiones inglesa y francesa, pudiéndose usar en investigaciones realizadas en castellan