Sequentially Processed P3HT/CN6-CP•−NBu4+ Films: Interfacial or Bulk Doping?

Derivatives of the hexacyano-[3]-radialene anion radical (CN6-CP•−) emerge as a promising new family of p-dopants having a doping strength comparable to that of archetypical dopant 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4TCNQ). Here, mixed solution (MxS) and sequential processing (SqP) doping methods are compared by using a model semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the dopant CN6-CP•−NBu4 + (NBu4 + = tetrabutylammonium). MxS films show a moderate yet thickness-independent conductivity of ≈0.1 S cm−1. For the SqP case, the highest conductivity value of ≈6 S cm−1 is achieved for the thinnest (1.5–3 nm) films whereas conductivity drops two orders of magnitudes for 100 times thicker films. These results are explained in terms of an interfacial doping mechanism realized in the SqP films, where only layers close to the P3HT/dopant interface are doped efficiently, whereas internal P3HT layers remain essentially undoped. This structure is in agreement with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy results. The temperature-dependent conductivity measurements reveal a lower activation energy for charge carriers in SqP samples than in MxS films (79 meV vs 110 meV), which could be a reason for their superior conductivity. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Computersimulationen verstehen. Ein Toolkit für interdisziplinär Forschende aus den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften

Das Toolkit, eine Art Hand- oder Überblicksbuch soll Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit eröffnen, sich auf breiterer Basis und umfassender mit methodischen Aspekten der Computersimulation zu befassen. Kapitel 1 führt in die insbesondere philosophischen Herausforderungen des Hochleistungsrechnens ein. Kapitel 2 bietet eine Übersicht über die grundlegenden methodischen Zugänge. Kapitel 3 führt dann in die Details einer Simulationsmethode hinein, es widmet sich den gleichungsbasierten Simulationen

Computersimulationen verstehen. Ein Toolkit für interdisziplinär Forschende aus den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften

Das Toolkit, eine Art Hand- oder Überblicksbuch soll Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit eröffnen, sich auf breiterer Basis und umfassender mit methodischen Aspekten der Computersimulation zu befassen. Kapitel 1 führt in die insbesondere philosophischen Herausforderungen des Hochleistungsrechnens ein. Kapitel 2 bietet eine Übersicht über die grundlegenden methodischen Zugänge. Kapitel 3 führt dann in die Details einer Simulationsmethode hinein, es widmet sich den gleichungsbasierten Simulationen

Comparative analysis of clinical and pathological lymph node staging data in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at the General Hospital Vienna

Results from publications evaluating discrepancies between clinical staging data in relation to pathological findings demonstrate that a significant number of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients are not correctly staged. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze potential discrepancies of radiological assessment versus pathological data of regional lymph node involvement and to compare the results with data published in the literature

A phase II study of bortezomib in patients with MALT lymphoma

The activity of bortezomib in patients with MALT lymphoma is unclear. This study shows that that bortezomib is active in patients with MALT lymphoma. However, an unexpectedly high rate of toxicities was seen, warranting assessment of combination schedules with bortezomib at a lower dose than given in this study

Intraretinal microvascular changes after ERM and ILM peeling using SSOCTA.

BackgroundTo prospectively investigate retinal vascular changes in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA).MethodsConsecutive patients were grouped based on ERM severity and followed using SSOCTA up to month 3 after surgical intervention. Superficial and deep foveal avascular zone (s/dFAZ) as well as foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) were correlated with ERM severity and visual acuity. Differences between groups were evaluated.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between ERM severity and baseline sFAZ, dFAZ and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal subfield thickness (CST) and ΔCST (r = -0.52, r = -0.43, r = -0.42, r = 0.58, r = 0.39; all p0.05).ConclusionsThis study clearly shows that ERM severity based on ERM staging has to be taken into account when undertaking studies in patients with idiopathic ERM using SSOCTA. Further, specific changes in the superficial and deep retinal vasculature in eyes undergoing ERM and ILM peeling were found. However, the clinical usefulness and prognostic value for post-surgical treatment BCVA of the SSOCTA-derived variables (sFAZ and dFAZ area, as well as foveal and parafoveal VD) used remains questionable

Comparison of safety and effectiveness between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery in common vitreoretinal diseases.

PurposeTo assess and compare safety and effectiveness between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems for the treatment of common vitreoretinal diseases in non-vitrectomized eyes.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy from April 2018 to December 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry at the Medical University of Vienna (MUV) for the following indications: macular epiretinal membrane, macular hole, macular lamellar hole, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous opacities, vitreomacular traction syndrome and macular edema.Results201 eyes of 195 patients that underwent 23-gauge (n = 105 eyes) or 25-gauge (n = 96 eyes) vitrectomy were included in this study. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved at 1-3 months postoperatively and beyond 3 months in both gauge groups. Risk of any complication within 1 month postoperatively was lower in the 25-gauge group, but the difference was statistically not significant (HR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.53; 1.70], p = 0.85). Intraocular pressure less than 5 mmHg was observed in 2 eyes (2%) in the 23-gauge group at the first postoperative day. Intraocular pressure elevation over 25 mmHg occurred in 5 eyes (2 eyes, 2%, in 23-gauge and 3 eyes, 3%, in 25-gauge group) at postoperative day 1, between 7 and 28 days in 5 cases (2 eyes, 2%, in 23-gauge and 3 eyes, 3%, in 25-gauge group), and in 2 eyes (2%) of the 23-gauge group at postoperative day 145 and 61, respectively. Retinal detachment occurred in 1 eye (1%) in the 23-gauge and in 3 eyes (3%) in the 25-gauge group. We did not observe any cases of endophthalmitis.ConclusionResults in terms of safety, surgical success and visual outcomes for the treatment of common vitreoretinal surgery indications seem to be comparable between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems, indicating that the two gauge systems can be used equally in the clinical routine