Is organic farming a chance for family farms to survive?

The paper investigates the choice between conventional and organic production technologies for individual farmers in Hungarian agriculture. We employ sequential logit model on a cross-section data set of Hungarian farmers for the period 2007. Our estimations reveal that age of farmers has negative, whilst being full time farmers and having more diversified production structure have positive impact on the intention for being organic farmers. Furthermore, it appears that education, being full time farmers and more diversified production structure positively influence the final decision between conventional and organic farming. --innovation,attitudes,organic production,diffusion

Is organic farming a chance for family farms to survive?

The paper investigates the choice between conventional and organic production technologies for individual farmers in Hungarian agriculture. We employ sequential logit model on a cross-section data set of Hungarian farmers for the period 2007. Our estimations reveal that age of farmers has negative, whilst being full time farmers and having more diversified production structure have positive impact on the intention for being organic farmers. Furthermore, it appears that education, being full time farmers and more diversified production structure positively influence the final decision between conventional and organic farming

The Hungarian hubris syndrome

Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the acquired personality disorder, the hubris syndrome, which has been demonstrated to leave its mark on speech patterns. Our study explores characteristic language patterns of Hungarian prime ministers (PMs) with a special emphasis on one of the key indicators of hubris, the shift from the first person “I” to “we” in spontaneous speech. We analyzed the ratio of the first-person singular (“I”) and plural (“we”) pronouns and verbal inflections in the spontaneous parliamentary speeches of four Hungarian PMs between 1998–2018. We found that Viktor Orbán during his second premiership (2010–2014) used first person plural relative to singular inflections more often than the other three PMs during their terms. Orbán and another Hungarian PM, Ferenc Gyurcsány, who were re-elected at some point showed an increased ratio of first-person plural vs. singular inflections and personal pronouns by their second term, likely reflecting increasing hubristic tendencies. The results show that the ratio of “I” and “we” usually studied in English texts also show changes in a structurally different language, Hungarian. This finding suggests that it is extended periods of premiership that may increase hubristic behaviour in political leaders, not only experiencing excessive power. The results are particularly elucidating regarding the role of re-elections in political leaders’ hubristic speech–and behaviour.publishedVersio

What Are You Tinking About Where? Syntactic Ambiguity between Abstract Arguments and Concrete Adjuncts in Hungarian, Modulated by Concreteness

Background. Te critical importance of lexical concreteness and embodied sensorimotor processes for language comprehension is ofen assumed to be beyond doubt. Hungarian grammar is unique in that it expresses certain verb arguments using spatial sufxes, which sometimes create ambiguity between literal spatial adjuncts and abstract verb arguments. Objective. In the present study, our goal was to investigate the role and m perhaps primacy of concrete spatial meaning when generating the abstract sense of arguments of mental verbs. Design. Towards that end, we embedded ambiguous verb-noun constructs with both a possible locative adjunct reading (i.e. spatial, literal) and a verb argument reading (i.e. abstract, fgurative), with a continuously varying preference for one or the other, in disambiguating sentence contexts. Using a selfpaced reading paradigm, we measured reading times of verbs and sentence fnal nouns of the ambiguous constructs. Results. We found no diference in the reaction times to verbs, which suggests that their argument frames were obligatorily activated regardless of sentential context. Nouns were read more slowly in the argument contexts, yet the slower pace was driven by constructs that had a preferred locative reading. Conclusion. Tis pattern of results contradicts strong embodiment explanations, and can be better accounted for by dual coding theory. Our fndings demonstrate the importance of studying the role of concreteness and metaphoricity in linguistic meaning construction in the context of syntax and sentence processing

A szerződések teljesülése a magyar élelmiszerláncban (Contract fulfilments in Hungarian food chains)

A tanulmány célja, hogy azonosítsa azokat a tényezőket, amelyek befolyásolják az élelmiszer-gazdasági kis- és közepes vállalkozások szerződéseinek teljesülését a Közép-magyarországi régióban. Számításaink megerősítik Guo-Jolly [2008] eredményeit, amely szerint a szerződések tartalmi elemeinek kulcsszerepük van a szerződések teljesülésében. Továbbá a vállalatvezetői képességek, a vállalati és tranzakciós jellemzők szintén jelentős hatást gyakorolnak a szerződések teljesülésére. Érdekes módon az ágazatspecifikus jellemzőknek csak korlátozott szerepük van a szerződések teljesülésének magyarázatában. / === / The paper analyses the contractual relations and contract fulfilment of small and medium-sized firms along the food chain, in the central region of Hungary, using survey data. The estimates also reveal that contract fulfilment is significantly affected by the design of the contract. They confirm that an important role in contract fulfilment is played by corporate and managerial attributes and transaction characteristics. Interestingly, branch-specific characteristics play only a limited role in explaining contract fulfilment

A szerződések teljesülése a magyar élelmiszerláncban

A tanulmány célja, hogy azonosítsa azokat a tényezőket, amelyek befolyásolják az élelmiszer-gazdasági kis- és közepes vállalkozások szerződéseinek teljesülését a Közép-magyarországi régióban. Számításaink megerősítik Guo-Jolly [2008] eredményeit, amely szerint a szerződések tartalmi elemeinek kulcsszerepük van a szerződések teljesülésében. Továbbá a vállalatvezetői képességek, a vállalati és tranzakciós jellemzők szintén jelentős hatást gyakorolnak a szerződések teljesülésére. Érdekes módon az ágazatspecifikus jellemzőknek csak korlátozott szerepük van a szerződések teljesülésének magyarázatában

A dynamical survey of the trans-Neptunian region II.: On the nature of chaotic diffusion

On long enough timescales, chaotic diffusion has the potential to significantly alter the appearance of a dynamical system. The solar system is no exception: diffusive processes take part in the transportation of small bodies and provide dynamical pathways even for the distant trans-Neptunian objects to reach the inner solar system. In this Letter, we carry out a thorough investigation of the nature of chaotic diffusion. We analyze the temporal evolution of the mean squared displacement of ten thousand ensembles of test particles and quantify in each case the diffusion exponent (enabling the classification between normal, sub-, and super-diffusion), the generalized diffusion coefficient, and a characteristic diffusion timescale, too. This latter quantity is compared with an entropy-based timescale, and the two approaches are studied in light of direct computations as well. Our results are given in the context of two-dimensional maps, thereby facilitating the understanding of the relationship between the typical phase space structures and the properties of chaotic diffusion.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the open-access journal MNRA

A mezőgazdaság versenyképességének összetevői. = Components of competitiveness of the agriculture.

A kutatás ötödik évében a kutatási folyamat logikai modellje teljes egészében kiépült. A logikai modell adja meg a zárójelentés struktúráját is. Ezek mentén, öt területen értünk el jelentős eredményeket. 1. Sikerült a versenyképesség és hatékonyság közötti kapcsolat elméleti megalapozása, amelyet kiterjesztettünk az innovációra és a műszaki fejlesztésre is. 2. A versenyképesség vállalati fogalmát kiterjesztettük társadalmi és környezeti elemekkel. A kérdőív segítségével definiáltuk a mezőgazdasági családi gazdaságok érdekeltségi rendszerét, amely a sikeresség, az életképesség ismérveihez kapcsolódik. 3. Ugyancsak kérdőív segítségével modulokba foglaltuk a mezőgazdaság versenyképességének összetevőit és a súlyszámok alapján meghatároztuk azok fontosságát. 4. A nemzetközi kereskedelem intenzitására épülő Balassa mutatók továbbfejlesztett változatai mellett a DRC három mutatójával és a CMS mutatóval egészítettük ki a módszertani bázist. 2008. évben frissítettük a számításokat 5. Megfogalmaztunk néhány tanulságot, számítási eredményeinket összehasonlítottuk a hagyományos módon számított eredményekkel. | In the fifth year of research, the logic model of the research process has totally been built. Theory - methodological arsenal - competitiveness calculations - creation of empirical background - drawn up conclusions. These five stages also give the structure of the final report. According to them, we have reached results in five main areas. 1. We have managed to support theoretically the relationship between competitiveness and efficiency, which we have extended to innovation and technological development as well. 2. We have completed the entrepreneurial aspect of the notion of competitiveness with social and environmental elements. We have defined - with the help of the survey - the interest system of agricultural family farms, which relates to criteria of success and viability. 3. With the help of the survey, we have created modules to classify the components of agricultural competitiveness and we have determined their significance by weight-numbers. 4. The methodological base was supplemented by three indices of DRC method, the CMS method and improved versions of Balassa indices built on intensity of international trade. We have actualised our calculations for 2008. 5. We have formulated some lessons and compared our results of calculations with traditional results of calculations