Development of vegetation over nine years in a planted field station prairie

We studied the development of vegetation in a small area at the UWM Field Station planted with prairie species in 1986. The species and quantities of seed and seedlings planted in 1986 were recorded. We sampled the vegetation using permanent quadrats in 1988and 1994. Native prairie species were already well established in the area in 1988. There was, however, a dramatic change in the composition of the vegetation between 1988 and 1994. The number of native prairie species increased slightly and the number of non-prairie species decreased substantially, so that in 1988, 51% of species were native prairie plants and this figure increased to 62% in 1994. The sum of the mean cover of all plant species almost tripled between 1988 and 1994, primarily due to a large increase in cover of grass species. The relative dominance of several species changed markedly over the six years between samples

TURISMO REGENERATIVO: Estudo de Caso no Refúgio das Curucacas – Paraná

This article is about Regenerative Tourism, which deals with the relations of human beings with themselves, with others and with nature in a holistic and sustainable way. This is a case study about the Refúgio das Curucacas, Ponta Grossa/PR, in order to analyze if this is regenerative tourism example. The methodology includes the use of bibliographical references, field trips, interview with the owner, and a comparison was made between the paradigms of regenerative tourism and the characteristics currently present at  Refúgio das Curucacas. It can be concluded that there is the adequacy of the five items presented as pillars of regenerative planning: ethics and aesthetics, regenerative relationships, sense of place, organic identity and design. Standing out, in camping and tour operator activities, is the design of regenerative experiences such as the Forest Bath, Yoga and Permaculture. Results show that there is regenerative tourism at Refúgio das Curucacas.This article is about Regenerative Tourism, which deals with the relations of human beings with themselves, with others and with nature in a holistic and sustainable way. This is a case study about the Refúgio das Curucacas, Ponta Grossa/PR, in order to analyze if this is regenerative tourism example. The methodology includes the use of bibliographical references, field trips, interview with the owner, and a comparison was made between the paradigms of regenerative tourism and the characteristics currently present at  Refúgio das Curucacas. It can be concluded that there is the adequacy of the five items presented as pillars of regenerative planning: ethics and aesthetics, regenerative relationships, sense of place, organic identity and design. Standing out, in camping and tour operator activities, is the design of regenerative experiences such as the Forest Bath, Yoga and Permaculture. Results show that there is regenerative tourism at Refúgio das Curucacas

A Síndrome Crônica De Sjögren: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica

A Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) pode ser definida como uma doença inflamatória sistêmica crônica do tecido conjuntivo que afeta glândulas salivares e lacrimais. Pode ser caracterizada como primária, na ausência de doenças do tecido conjuntivo e secundária na associação com outras doenças deste tecido. Os sintomas mais frequentes manifestados são a xerofitalmia (olhos secos) e xerostomia (boca seca). A patogenia da doença caracteriza-se pela infiltração linfo-plasmocitária nas glândulas, e o tratamento varia de acordo com o caso clínico, mas tem como finalidade diminuir os sintomas e proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes. Portanto, caracteriza-se como uma doença de acompanhamento rigoroso e minucioso e que necessita de um diagnóstico imediato para aprimorar o tratamento. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um artigo de revisão bibliográfica a partir de estudos prévios acerca desta síndrome.Palavras chave: síndrome seca, doença autoimune, lesões glandulares, Síndrome de Sjögren diagnóstico e tratamento

GS-nitroxide (JP4-039)-mediated radioprotection of human fanconi anemia cell lines

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder characterizedby defective DNA repair and cellular sensitivity to DNAcrosslinking agents. Clinically, FA is associated with highrisk for marrow failure, leukemia and head and necksquamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Radiosensitivity in FApatients compromises the use of total-body irradiation forhematopoietic stem cell transplantation and radiationtherapy for HNSCC. A radioprotector for the surroundingtissue would therefore be very valuable during radiotherapyfor HNSCC. Clonogenic radiation survival curves weredetermined for pre- or postirradiation treatment with theparent nitroxide Tempol or JP4-039 in cells of four FApatient-derived cell lines and two transgene-correctedsubclonal lines. FancG-/- (PD326) and FancD2-/- (PD20F)patient lines were more sensitive to the DNA crosslinkingagent mitomycin C (MMC) than their transgene-restoredsubclonal cell lines (both P , 0.0001). FancD2-/- cells weremore radiosensitive than the transgene restored subclonalcell line (n2.0 6 0.7 and 4.7 6 2.2, respectively, P 0.03).In contrast, FancG-/- cells were radioresistant relative to thetransgene-restored subclonal cell line (n 9.4 6 1.5 and 2.26 05, respectively, P0.001). DNA strand breaks measuredby the comet assay correlated with radiosensitivity. Celllines from a Fanc-C and Fanc-A patients showed radiosensitivitysimilar to that of Fanc-D2-/- cells. A fluorophoretaggedJP4-039 (BODIPY-FL) analog targeted the mitochondriaof the cell lines. Preirradiation or postirradiationtreatment with JP4-039 at a lower concentration thanTempol significantly increased the radioresistance andstabilized the antioxidant stores of all cell lines. Tempolincreased the toxicity of MMC in FancD2-/- cells. These dataprovide support for the potential clinical use of JP4-039 fornormal tissue radioprotection during chemoradiotherapy inFA patients. © 2011 by Radiation Research Society

Die Nekropolen von Milet

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt über 320 Grabanlagen und Gräber Milets. Von diesen stammen rund 200 Anlagen aus gut dokumentierten Altgrabungen vom Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts; über 100 Gräber sind im Rahmen dieser Arbeit neu ausgegraben worden. Aus dieser Menge erschließt sich ein dichtes und deutliches Bild der Nekropolen Milets durch die Antike: aufwändige Grabbauten, Felskammergräber, Columbarien, Schacht- und Ziegelgräber sowie Brandgräber und einfache Körperbestattungen durchziehen die Hügellandschaft jenseits der Stadtmauern. Eine Gräberstraße liegt in der alten Dokumentation vor und wird hier erstmalig vorgestellt. Neue Pläne zeigen die Lage und Ausmaße der Nekropolen. Grabschmuck, -kennzeichnung, Inventare und Grabbelegungen werden dargestellt und mit den analysierten Knochenfunden zusammen betrachtet. So entsteht erstmals ein Bild zum Umfang und zur Vielgestaltigkeit der Nekropolen von Milet

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of quaternary centers from chiral trisubstituted aziridines and its application toward the total synthesis of ceanothine D

Most nucleophilic aziridine ring opening reactions suffer from poor regio- and stereoselectivity. A thorough investigation of a regio- and stereospecific aziridine ring opening reaction presents new synthetic technology for the construction of a variety of quaternary β-substituted-α-amino functional groups. Mild, metal-free reaction conditions allow for application in highly functionalized systems; and the reaction has been applied to the difficult stereoselective formation of tertiary alkyl-aryl ethers, β-substituted-α-amino carboxamides, β-substituted-α-amino esters, β-substituted-α-amino silyl ethers, β-thio-α-amino carboxamides, β-azido-α-amino carboxamides, and β-halo-α-amino carboxamides. Studies to probe the effect of both the nucleophile and the aziridine substitution patterns show that alkyl aziridines display similar reactivity to alkynyl aziridines, giving insight into mechanistic possibilities. The reaction has been applied toward the synthesis of the cyclopeptide alkaloid ceanothine D to allow construction of its unique alkyl-aryl ether functionality

Obtaining of titanium dioxide powders for de-sensitized solar cells by sol-gel route

Photovoltaic solar energy is an interesting way of generating electricity in light because of its low environmental impact, particularly for on-grid application in order to mitigate BOS (balance of system: batteries, etc) costs. The method of operation of the solar cell does not generate environmental impact, but their production does, especially when high-purity materials are used, such as solar grade silicon (SoG-Si: 99,9999% or 5N). Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are an interesting option since they are based on metal oxides as semiconductor materials. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) in its anatase polymorphic crystalline phase, presents interesting properties, such as a wide bandgap to minimize photocorrosion issues, high refractive index and high dielectric constant. In this work, nanocrystalline TiO2, predominantly in its anatase crystalline phase, was prepared by the sol-gel process under acid medium. Peptization was carried out at room temperature. Porous layers were deposited onto transparent conducting oxide substrates from powder TiO2 samples. A commercial TiO2 powder sample (P25, Evonik) was used as a reference. Different heat treatment times for the powder TiO2 samples and also for the porous TiO2 layers were studied. In order to analyze the influence of heating time on the morphological e crystalline structure of the resulting porous TiO2 layers, photoelectrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface area analysis (BET) and X-ray diffraction (DRX). DSCs were assembled from photoelectrodes produced by using different powder samples and their characteristic current-voltage (I-V) curves were measured. Nanosized crystallites were predominant in all studied batches. The average particle size increased under increasing heating time, especially for powders submitted to a heating time of 120min. The heat treatment at 450°C for 30 min provided powder samples endowed with higher crystallinity, but a lower anatase content. The anatase content was reflected in the power energy conversion efficiency (η) of the DSCs, which provides evidence for the importance of the heat treatment of 450°C for 30min on the dependent variable (η).A energia solar fotovoltaica e uma forma interessante de obtencao de energia eletrica por apresentar baixo impacto ambiental. Quando utilizada na geração distribuida, permite reduzir custos com balanco do sistema (baterias, etc). O processo de operacao das celulas solares nao gera impacto ambiental, mas sua producao sim, em funcao da utilizacao de materiais de elevado grau de pureza, como o silicio grau solar (SoG-Si: 99,9999% ou 5N). As celulas solares sensibilizadas por corante (CSSCs) sao uma opcao interessante, pois utilizam um um oxido metalico como material semicondutor. O dioxido de titanio (TiO2), em sua fase polimorfica anatase, apresenta propriedades interessantes, tais como separacao entre bandas adequada para dificultar a corrosao, elevado indice de refracao e alta constante dieletrica. Neste trabalho, foram produzidos pos de dióxido de titanio nanocristalino pelo metodo sol-gel em ambiente acido, com peptizacao em temperatura ambiente. Diferentes tempos de tratamento termico dos pos foram estudados. Camadas porosas foram depositadas sobre substratos condutores transparentes a partir de amostras de TiO2 em po. Uma amostra de TiO2 comercial (P25, Evonik) foi utilizada como referencia. Diferentes tempos de tratamento térmico destas camadas porosas tambem foram estudados. Com o objetivo de observar a influencia do tempo de aquecimento nos materiais resultantes, os fotoeletrodos foram caracterizados por microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de forca atomica (AFM), analise de area superficial (BET) e difracao de raios-X (DRX). As CSSCs foram montadas a partir dos fotoeletrodos produzidos com os diferentes pos e suas propriedades eletricas foram avaliadas atraves da curva característica corrente tensao (I V). Cristalitos nanometricos predominaram em todos os lotes estudados. O tamanho medio de particula aumentou com o aumento no tempo de aquecimento, especialmente para amostras em po submetidas a um tempo de aquecimento de 120min. As amostras apresentaram tambem um aumento na cristalinidade e uma reducao no teor da fase anatase apos tratamento termico a 450°C. As CSSCs apresentaram eficiencias compativeis com o teor de anatase presente nas amostras, evidenciando que o tempo de aquecimento no patamar de 450°C e significativo para a variavel resposta eficiencia de conversao energetica.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio