ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

The numerical modeling of thermal turbulent wall flows with the classical κ - ε model

The goal of this work is to propose a new methodology to simulate turbulent thermal wall flows using the classical κ - ε model. The focus of this approach is based on the manner used to implement heat flux boundary conditions on the solid walls. In order to explain and to validate this new algorithm, several test cases are presented, testing a great range of flows in order to analyze the numerical response on different physical aspects of the fluid flow. The proposed approach uses simultaneously a thermal wall law, an analogy between fluid friction and heat transfer and an interpolating polynomial relation that is constructed with a data base generated on experimental research and numerical simulation. The algorithm used to execute the numerical simulations applies the classical κ - ε model with a consolidate Reynolds and Favre averaging process for the turbulent variables. The turbulent inner layer can be modeled by four distinct velocity wall laws and by one temperature wall law. Spacial discretization is done by P1 and P1/isoP2 finite elements and the temporal discretization is implemented using a semi-implicit sequential scheme of finite differences. The pressure-velocity coupling is numerically solved by a variation of Uzawa's algorithm. To filter the numerical noises, originated by the symmetric treatment of the convective fluxes, it is adopted a balance dissipation method. The remaining non-linearities, due to explicit calculations of boundary conditions by wall laws, are treated by a minimal residual method

Perfil epidemiológico das neoplasias de glândulas salivares diagnosticadas em São Luís-MA Epidemiologic profile of salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed in São Luís-MA

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: As neoplasias de glândulas salivares constituem um grupo de lesões, clínica e morfologicamente diverso, capaz de determinar importantes desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos. O escopo do trabalho é determinar a frequência relativa e a distribuição das neoplasias de glândulas salivares diagnosticadas no Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia Aldenora Bello (IMOAB). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo dos casos de neoplasia de glândula salivar diagnosticados no IMOAB, no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2007. Dados sobre sexo, idade e localização anatômica foram obtidos em prontuários médicos. Cortes histológicos foram avaliados sob microscopia de luz e os casos foram categorizados segundo a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)(4). Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 232 casos, dos quais 178 eram neoplasias benignas (76,7%) e 54 (23,3%), malignas. Os três tipos histológicos mais frequentes foram: adenoma pleomórfico (59,5%), tumor de Warthin (13,8%) e carcinoma adenoide cístico (6,9%). A maioria dos casos foi diagnosticada em pacientes do sexo feminino, com proporção homem:mulher de 1:1,3. As neoplasias benignas e malignas apresentaram picos de incidência na quarta e sétima décadas de vida, respectivamente. Com relação à localização anatômica, 154 casos (66,4%) afetaram a parótida, 43 (18,5%) acometeram a glândula submandibular e 35 (15,1%) envolveram glândulas salivares menores. CONCLUSÃO: Em conjunto com outros estudos, os resultados da presente pesquisa sugerem discretas variações na frequência relativa e distribuição das neoplasias de glândulas salivares entre as populações do Brasil e de outras regiões do mundo.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The salivary gland neoplasms are a clinically and morphologically diverse group of lesions able to determine important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency and distribution of salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed at Aldenora Bello Institute of Oncology - Maranhão State (Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia Aldenora Bello [IMOAB]). MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was performed a retrospective analysis of the salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed at IMOAB between January 1997 and December 2007. Data regarding gender, age, and anatomic site were retrieved from medical records. Histological slides were evaluated by light microscopy and cases were categorized according to the World Health Organization classification(4). The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 232 cases were identified, of which 178 were benign neoplasms (76.7%) and 54 (23.3%) were malignant. The three most frequent histological types were pleomorphic adenoma (59.5%), Warthin's tumor (13.8%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (6.9%). Most cases were diagnosed in females, with a male-female ratio of 1:1.3. The benign and malignant neoplasms showed incidence peaks at the 4th and 7th decades of life, respectively. Regarding anatomic site, 154 cases (66.4 %) affected the parotid gland, 43 (18.5%) affected the submandibular gland and 35 (15.1%) involved minor salivary glands. CONCLUSION: In association with other studies, the present results suggest slight variations in the relative frequency and distribution of salivary gland neoplasms between Brazilian and worldwide populations

Estudo anatômico da raiz do mesentério e sua relação com a aorta

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Estudo anatômico das arcadas arteriais do intestino delgado

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