Molding procedure for casting a variety of alloys

General procedure and molding sand composition for preparing molds usable for casting variety of alloys are developed. Molds are prepared from mixture of sand, sodium silicate binder, and organic liquid ester. Castings of radiographic quality are produced from various alloys

Non-Equilibrium Modeling of the Fe XVII 3C/3D ratio for an Intense X-ray Free Electron Laser

We present a review of two methods used to model recent LCLS experimental results for the 3C/3D line intensity ratio of Fe XVII (Bernitt et al. 2012), the time-dependent collisional-radiative method and the density-matrix approach. These are described and applied to a two-level atomic system excited by an X-ray free electron laser. A range of pulse parameters is explored and the effects on the predicted Fe XVII 3C and 3D line intensity ratio are calculated. In order to investigate the behavior of the predicted line intensity ratio, a particular pair of A-values for the 3C and 3D transitions was chosen (2.22 $\times$ 10$^{13}$ s$^{-1}$ and 6.02 $\times$ 10$^{12}$ s$^{-1}$ for the 3C and 3D, respectively), but our conclusions are independent of the precise values. We also reaffirm the conclusions from Oreshkina et al.(2014, 2015): the non-linear effects in the density matrix are important and the reduction in the Fe XVII 3C/3D line intensity ratio is sensitive to the laser pulse parameters, namely pulse duration, pulse intensity, and laser bandwidth. It is also shown that for both models the lowering of the 3C/3D line intensity ratio below the expected time-independent oscillator strength ratio has a significant contribution due to the emission from the plasma after the laser pulse has left the plasma volume. Laser intensities above $\sim 1\times 10^{12}$ W/cm$^{2}$ are required for a reduction in the 3C/3D line intensity ratio below the expected time independent oscillator strength ratio

Introduction

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Perfil socioeconomico dos produtores familiares de laranja de Umbauba, Sergipe.

bitstream/item/87918/1/CPATC-PESQ.-AND.-18-97.pd

GMO Guidelines project.

bitstream/CNPMA/5808/1/documentos_38.pd

Scaling Limit and Critical Exponents for Two-Dimensional Bootstrap Percolation

Consider a cellular automaton with state space $\{0,1 \}^{{\mathbb Z}^2}$ where the initial configuration $\omega_0$ is chosen according to a Bernoulli product measure, 1's are stable, and 0's become 1's if they are surrounded by at least three neighboring 1's. In this paper we show that the configuration $\omega_n$ at time n converges exponentially fast to a final configuration $\bar\omega$, and that the limiting measure corresponding to $\bar\omega$ is in the universality class of Bernoulli (independent) percolation. More precisely, assuming the existence of the critical exponents $\beta$, $\eta$, $\nu$ and $\gamma$, and of the continuum scaling limit of crossing probabilities for independent site percolation on the close-packed version of ${\mathbb Z}^2$ (i.e., for independent $*$-percolation on ${\mathbb Z}^2$), we prove that the bootstrapped percolation model has the same scaling limit and critical exponents. This type of bootstrap percolation can be seen as a paradigm for a class of cellular automata whose evolution is given, at each time step, by a monotonic and nonessential enhancement.Comment: 15 page