Local anaesthesia efficacy as postoperative analgesia for open shoulder instability surgery. a prospective randomised controlled study

Background and objectives: The aim of present study was to evaluate for the first time, the clinical effect of local anaesthetic infiltration as postoperative analgesia in open shoulder surgery for anterior-inferior instability. The comparison of the local infiltration and interscalenic brachial plexus block to a control group test the local anaesthetic efficacy in this surgery. Methods: 78 patients scheduled for open shoulder surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of three groups: local infiltration anaesthesia (LIA), interscalenic brachial plexus block (IBPB) and control (C). All patients received standardized general anaesthesia and all injections were performed with the same dose and volume of anaesthetic. The number boluses delivered by a PCA pump applied at the end of surgery and the visual analogue score (VAS) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after intervention were recorded. A patient satisfaction score was also assessed. Results: Mean bolus consumption of the rescue analgesic, compared to C, was significantly less both in the LIA and IBPB groups (P<0.05). The IBPB group showed VAS scores that were significantly better than C group at all time points (P<0.05). The VAS scores for LIA group were clinically comparable to IBPB, and only at the 2 and 6 hours, postoperative time points there were no significant differences found in respect to the C group. IBPB and LIA showed comparable patient satisfaction scores. Conclusion: The local anaesthetic infiltration as postoperative analgesia appears to be a clinically valid alternative, statistically comparable to IBPB, with no clinical meaningful adverse effects

Acetabular Chondral Lesions Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement Treated by Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis or Microfracture: A Comparative Study at 8-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate, at 8 years, the clinical follow-up and failure rate (revision rate/conversion to arthroplasty) of patients with hip chondral lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement and to compare over time the treatment by microfracture (MFx) and autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC). Methods: Patients aged between 18 and 55 years, with acetabular grade III and IV chondral lesions (Outerbridge), measuring 2 to 8 cm2 operated on at least 8 years before enrollment. Exclusion criteria were rheumatoid arthritis, dysplasia, or axial deviation of the femoral head. There were no arthritic lesions, Tonnis 4 cm2. From 2 to 8 years, mHHS in the AMIC group was better than in the MFx group (P <.005). This mHHS improvement in the AMIC group was maintained through the 8-year follow-up period, whereas it deteriorated after 1 year in the MFx group (P <.005). Eleven patients (22%) in the MFx group required total hip arthroplasty (THA); none in the AMIC group did. Patient acceptable symptomatic state analysis confirmed similar short-term improvement, but a significant (P <.007) degradation after 2-8 years in MFx patients. Conclusions: MFx and AMIC techniques led to marked clinical short-term improvement in patients with chondral defects resulting from femoroacetabular impingement in the first 2 years. However, AMIC gave significantly better results as measured by mHHS, which were maintained after 8 years, the results of MFx in the hip deteriorated over time with 22% of patients undergoing conversion to THA. No patient in the AMIC group was converted to THA; the results of AMIC appeared stable over time and independent of lesion size. Level of Evidence: III, retrospective patient group study

Photometry and Photometric Redshifts of Faint Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South NICMOS Field

We present a catalog of photometry and photometric redshifts of 335 faint objects in the HDF-S NICMOS field. The analysis is based on (1) infrared images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) using the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrograph (NICMOS) with the F110W, F160W, and F222M filters, (2) an optical image obtained with HST using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) with no filter, and (3) optical images obtained with the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) with U, B, V, R, and I filters. The primary utility of the catalog of photometric redshifts is as a survey of faint galaxies detected in the NICMOS F160W and F222M images. The sensitivity of the survey varies significantly with position, reaching a limiting depth of AB(16,000) ~ 28.7 and covering 1.01 arcmin^2 to AB(16,000) = 27 and 1.05 arcmin^2 to AB(16,000) = 26.5. The catalog of photometric redshifts identifies 21 galaxies (or 6% of the total) of redshift z > 5, 8 galaxies (or 2% of the total) of redshift z > 10, and 11 galaxies (or 3% of the total) of best-fit spectral type E/S0, of which 5 galaxies (or 1% of the total) are of redshift z > 1.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, August 1, 2000 issu

Characterization of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid by Fused Granular Fabrication through Printing Accuracy, Porosity, Thermal and Mechanical Analyses

Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) or screw-extrusion based 3D printing for polymers is a less diffused alternative to filament-based Additive Manufacturing (AM). Its greatest advantage lies in superior sustainability; in fact, polymer granules can be used to directly feed an FGF printer, reducing the time, cost and energy of producing a part. Moreover, with this technology, a circular economy approach involving the use of pellets made from plastic waste can be easily implemented. Polylactic Acid (PLA) pellets were processed at different printing speeds and with different infill percentages on a customized version of a commercial Prusa i3 Plus 3D printer modified with a Mahor screw extruder. For the characterization of the 3D printed samples, rheological, thermal, mechanical and porosity analyses were carried out. In addition, the energy consumption of the 3D printer was monitored during the production of the specimens. The results showed that a higher printing speed leads to lower energy consumption, without compromising material strength, whereas a slower printing speed is preferable to increase material stiffness

Las matemáticas y el arte de contar historias

Una de nuestras aspiraciones como profesores de matemáticas es conseguir que nuestros alumnos comprendan y sepan utilizar bien las matemáticas para resolver problemas de su vida cotidiana. Siendo más ambiciosos, pretendemos que les sirvan para desarrollar su pensamiento, para razonar mejor, para comprender en profundidad el mundo que les rodea. En última instancia, deseamos fervientemente que les gusten, que lleguen a amar esta disciplina

Responsabilidade civil pelo rompimento das tratativas negociais : perspectivas da tutela da boa-fé

Orientador: Paulo Roberto Ribeiro NalinMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Curso de Graduação em DireitoO presente trabalho tem como escopo analisar a chamada responsabilidade civil pré-contratual sobre o enfoque do direito civil-constitucional. Para tanto se faz uma análise do contrato frente aos princípios contratuais, em especial o da boa-fé, bem como frente às diretrizes presentes no texto constitucional (uma sociedade livre, justa, solidária, etc). Vista a partir deste contexto, a questão da responsabilidade civil pré-contratual, procura-se demonstrar sua aceitação na doutrina pátria, em comparação com as teorias e leis desenvolvidas em outros lugares do mundo. Neste sentido é necessário demonstrar a aplicação responsabilidade pré-contratual no Brasil e ainda sua aceitação pela jurisprudência. Para realizar isto foi dada ênfase ao desenvolvimento da responsabilidade civil pré-contratual desde sua formulação por Ihering até os dias atuais, aos elementos caracterizadores do instituto, bem como as discussões sobre a sua natureza jurídica, indicando as duas teorias mais aceitas. Busca-se demonstrar por fim a necessidade de se repensar o direito civil frente aos avanços da sociedade, e, principalmente, o contrato e a responsabilidade civil, haja vista o centro da disciplina ter sido deslocado do patrimônio, para a pessoa humana

Pre-Alpine and Alpine deformation at San Pellegrino pass (Dolomites, Italy)

In this work, we present the geological map of the San Pellegrino pass, inserted in the spectacular scenario of the Dolomiti region (Southern Alps, Italy), at a scale of 1:10.000 and accompanied by geological cross-sections. The detailed distinction of lithological thin units allowed to achieve a consistent interpretation of the local structural setting by drawing brittle and ductile Alpine tectonic deformations. The differential deformation and structural styles within the geological map are the result of the different rheological nature of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, as well as of the superimposition of compressional Alpine tectonics over Permo-Mesozoic extensional tectonic phases, and consequent reactivation of inherited structures

Shepherding DNA ends: Rif1 protects telomeres and chromosome breaks

Cells have evolved conserved mechanisms to protect DNA ends, such as those at the termini of linear chromosomes, or those at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In eukaryotes, DNA ends at chromosomal termini are packaged into proteinaceous structures called telomeres. Telomeres protect chromosome ends from erosion, inadvertent activation of the cellular DNA damage response (DDR), and telomere fusion. In contrast, cells must respond to damage-induced DNA ends at DSBs by harnessing the DDR to restore chromosome integrity, avoiding genome instability and disease. Intriguingly, Rif1 (Rap1-interacting factor 1) has been implicated in telomere homeostasis as well as DSB repair. The protein was first identified in as being part of the proteinaceous telosome. In mammals, RIF1 is not associated with intact telomeres, but was found at chromosome breaks, where RIF1 has emerged as a key mediator of pathway choice between the two evolutionary conserved DSB repair pathways of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). While this functional dichotomy has long been a puzzle, recent findings link yeast Rif1 not only to telomeres, but also to DSB repair, and mechanistic parallels likely exist. In this review, we will provide an overview of the actions of Rif1 at DNA ends and explore how exclusion of end-processing factors might be the underlying principle allowing Rif1 to fulfill diverse biological roles at telomeres and chromosome breaks

Statistical analysis of the maximum winds for the Entre Rios province and its environment

El estudio de los fenómenos de la turbulencia del viento en situaciones extremas de tormentas severas o tornados es de importancia primordial para el dimensionado de líneas de transporte y distribución eléctrica. Las normas de la Asociación Electrotécnica Argentina (AEA, 2006), referidas al dimensionado de líneas, prevén la posibilidad de utilizar parámetros de carga producida por eventos meteorológicos en los que interviene el conocimiento de las características de viento utilizando el método probabilístico. Existen numerosos trabajos referidos al estudio de vientos extremos en la República Argentina basados en las estadísticas meteorológicas provenientes de las estaciones de medición de organismos oficiales como el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional en Argentina (SMN), el Instituto Uruguayo de Meteorología en la República Oriental del Uruguay (INUMET). Sin embargo, es necesaria una actualización de estos estudios debido a la dinámica que experimentan las variables climáticas. Uno de los parámetros que interesa en el diseño de los postes de suspensión de las líneas eléctricas de media y alta tensión es el parámetro de carga debido al efecto del viento. Para ello se utiliza el valor del viento máximo que se espera ocurra con un período de recurrencia de 50 años para el caso de las líneas de alta tensión y 20 años para las líneas de media tensión. En este trabajo se utilizaron datos de viento máximo sostenido en 1 minuto para la Provincia de Entre Ríos y alrededores considerando períodos de recurrencia de 50 años y 20 años utilizando datos de los registros de las estaciones del SMN e INUMET desde 1973 a 2009. Del análisis de los datos se encontró que los valores estimados con esta metodología para un período de retorno de 50 años son del orden de 140 km/h al sur de la Provincia de Entre Ríos y descienden rápidamente a valores de 125 km/h al centro y 120 km/h al este y noreste de la misma. La misma configuración regional se observa para un período de retorno de 20 años con valores máximos al sur de 125 km/h, entre 115 km/h y 110 km/h al centro y entre 110 km/h y 105 km/h al este.The study of wind turbulence in severe storms and tornadoes is essential for calculating transmission lines and electrical distribution energy network. Electrotechnical Standards Association Argentina (AEA, 2006) provide for the possibility to use loading parameters produced by meteorological events involving the knowledge of wind characteristics using the probabilistic method. There are many works referred to the study of extreme winds in Argentina based on weather statistics from measuring stations of governmental administration Servicio Meteorológico Nacional - Argentina (SMN) and Instituto Uruguayo de Meteorología - República Oriental del Uruguay (INUMET). However, an update of these studies is necessary due to the dynamics of climatic variables. One parameter of interest in the design of the suspension posts of medium and high voltage lines is the parameter of load due to wind effect. For this purpose, the value of maximum wind which is expected with a recurrence period of 50 years for the case of high-voltage lines and 20 years for medium voltage lines is used. In this work, maximum sustained wind data were used in 1 minute for the province of Entre Rios and around considering periods of recurrence of 50 years and 20 years using data from the records of the stations of the National Weather Service from 1973-2009. Analysis of the data found that the estimates of this methodology for a period of 50 years return values are of the order of 140 km h-1 south of the province of Entre Rios and fall rapidly to values of 125 km h-1 to center and 120 km h-1 east and northeast of it. Same distribution was found for a return period of 20 years with peaks south of 125 km h-1 , between 115 km h-1 and 110 km h-1 between the center and 110 km h-1 and 105 km h-1 east.Fil: Kinderknecht, Leandro E.. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Imasine, Alejandro Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Claudio Alberto. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Cesar Augusto. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Armando Benito. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin