Not a negation? A logico-philosophical perspective on the Ugaritic particles lā/ ’al

The negative particles lā/ ’al in Ugaritic change from positive to negative in modal contexts, conditional, questions, disjunctions, etc. They have usually been studied from a Semitic and linguistic points of view. On the basis of their occurrence in Ugaritic texts, we pretend to explain their uncommon behaviour from a philosophical and logico-semantic perspective. Is it possible to translate this linguistic structure in our Modern languages? Starting from a general view of their use in Ugaritic language, we claim that this phenomenon can be more clearly understood in relation to modality. We interpret these negation as a negative evidential paradigm and we explain how they change in different contexts. Methodologically, we make use of formal tools of Dynamic Epistemic Logic in order to provide a more fine-grained understanding of these negations, and their dynamics

Argumentation et engagement ontologique de l’acte intentionnel : Pour une réflexion critique sur l’identité dans les logiques intentionnelles explicites

Intentionality is that faculty of human mind whereby it is directed towards objects of all kinds. It is recorded linguistically in verbs such as "to know", "to believe", "to fear", "to hope". Intentional statements such as "John thinks that Nosferatu is a vampire" or "Oedipus loves Jocasta" challenge classical logical laws such as existential generalization or substitution of identical. I propose here an analysis grounded on explicit intentional logics, i. e. logics in which languages are enriched by means of specific operators expressing intentionality. Some original aspects of the meanings of intentional statements are grasped within argumentative practices, more specifically in the context of dialogical logic. I focus more specifically on fictionality, a paradigm in which logical, linguistic and metaphysical considerations are naturally embedded. I defend an artifactual theory in which existence and identity criteria for fictional entities are defined by means of the notion of ontological dependence relation. That notion faces several difficulties overcome here in a modal-Temporal semantics in which an innovating approach to the artifactual diemnsion of fiction is defended. Ultimately, a combination of that theory to a semantic for the fictionality operator is suggested. This enable us to articulate external and internal viewpoints on fictionality.L'intentionalité est la faculté qu'a l'esprit humain de se diriger vers des objets de toutes sortes. On la capture linguistiquement à travers l'usage de verbes comme "savoir", "croire", "craindre", "espérer". Les énoncés intentionnels comme "Jean croit que Nosferatu est un vampire" ou "Oedipe aime Jocaste" défient les lois de la logique classique, remettant en cause la validité de principes logiques tels que la généralisation existentielle ou encore la substitution des identiques. Je propose dans ma thèse une analyse fondée sur les logiques intentionnelles explicites, des logiques où le langage est enrichi au moyen d'opérateurs qui expriment explicitement l'intentionalité. Des aspects originaux de la signification des énoncés intentionnels sont saisis au coeur des pratiques argumentatives, dans le contexte de la logique dialogique notamment. S'intéressant plus spécifiquement au cas de la fictionalité, paradigme où se mêlent naturellement considérations logiques, linguistiques et métaphysiques, je défends une théorie artefactuelle dans laquelle on définit des critères d'existence et d'identité pour les identités fictionnelles littéraires au moyen de la notion de relation de dépendance ontologique. La notion de dépendance ontologique est toutefois sujette à de graves difficultés que l'on repasse ici dans le contexte d'une sémantique modale-Temporelle, défendant alors une approche novatrice de la dimension artefactuelle des fictions. In fine, on propose une combinaison de la théorie artefactuelle à une sémantique pour l'opérateur de fictionalité qui permet l'articulation entre différents points de vue sur la fiction, les points de vue interne et externe notamment

Disruptive mixed in vitro-in silico approach for protein engineering and screening

We present a strategy that combines wet-lab experimentation and computational protein design for engineering polypeptide chains. The protein sequences were numerically coded and then processed using Fourier Transform (FT). Fourier coefficients were used to calculate the energy spectra called protein spectrum . We use the protein spectrum to model the biological activity/fitness of protein from sequence data. We assume that the protein fitness (catalytic efficacy, thermostabilty, binding affinity, aggregation, stability…) is not purely local, but globally distributed over the linear sequence of the protein. Our patented method does not require any protein 3D structure information and find patterns that correlate with changes in protein activity (or fitness) upon amino acids residue substitutions. A minimal wet lab data sampled from mutation libraries (single or multiple points mutations) were used as learning data sets in heuristic approaches that were applied to build predictive models. We show the performance of the approach on designed libraries for 3 examples (enantioselectivity, thermostability and binding affinity) and discuss how our approach can tackle epistatic phenomena. We can screen up to 1 billion (109) protein variants in a very short time

Computing expectation values for RNA motifs using discrete convolutions

BACKGROUND: Computational biologists use Expectation values (E-values) to estimate the number of solutions that can be expected by chance during a database scan. Here we focus on computing Expectation values for RNA motifs defined by single-strand and helix lod-score profiles with variable helix spans. Such E-values cannot be computed assuming a normal score distribution and their estimation previously required lengthy simulations. RESULTS: We introduce discrete convolutions as an accurate and fast mean to estimate score distributions of lod-score profiles. This method provides excellent score estimations for all single-strand or helical elements tested and also applies to the combination of elements into larger, complex, motifs. Further, the estimated distributions remain accurate even when pseudocounts are introduced into the lod-score profiles. Estimated score distributions are then easily converted into E-values. CONCLUSION: A good agreement was observed between computed E-values and simulations for a number of complete RNA motifs. This method is now implemented into the ERPIN software, but it can be applied as well to any search procedure based on ungapped profiles with statistically independent columns

Introduction: Language and Worldviews

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Innov’SAR: A new approach for protein engineering and screening

We present a strategy that combines wet-lab experimentation and computational protein design for engineering polypeptide chains. The protein sequences were numerically coded and then processed using Fourier Transform (FT). Fourier coefficients were used to calculate the energy spectra called protein spectrum . We use the protein spectrum to model the biological activity/fitness of protein from sequence data. We assume that the protein fitness (catalytic efficacy, thermostabilty, binding affinity, aggregation, stability…) is not purely local, but globally distributed over the linear sequence of the protein. Our patented method does not require protein 3D structure information and find patterns that correlate with changes in protein activity (or fitness) upon amino acids residue substitutions. A minimal wet lab data set sampled from mutation libraries (single or multiple points mutations) were used as learning data sets in heuristic approaches that were applied to build predictive models. We show the performance of the approach on designed libraries for different examples1 and discuss how our approach can tackle epistatic phenomena2. We can screen up to 1 billion (109) protein variants in a very short time. F. Cadet, N. Fontaine, I. Vetrivel, M. Ng Fuk Chong, O. Savriama, X. Cadet, P. Charton (2018), Application of Fourier transform and proteochemometrics principles to protein engineering, BMC Bioinformatics (2018) 19:382, doi.org/10.1186/s12859-018-2407-8, https://rdcu.be/9qjp F. Cadet, N. Fontaine, G. Li, J. Sanchis, M. Ng Fuk Chong, R .Pandjaitan, I. Vetrivel 1, B. Offmann & M. T. Reetz (2018), A machine learning approach for reliable prediction of amino acid interactions and its application in the directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes, Scientific Reports 8(1), 16757, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35033-y. www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35033-

Method to integrate a simplified erosion channel during flood in reservoir simulation with Telemac

Hydrodynamic

Présider les séances de la Convention nationale

Lors de la séance du 21 septembre 1792, Collot d’Herbois propose l’abolition de la royauté ; après quelques débats, elle est acceptée à l’unanimité, malgré les réserves d’un Quinette suscitant des murmures d’improbations. L’entrée en république, cependant, crée un vide, et pas seulement parce que l’exécutif est à rebâtir. Dans les circonstances nouvelles, le président de la Convention conserve-t-il le même rôle, les mêmes pouvoirs et la même image que ses prédécesseurs ? Étudier les quatre-vingt onze députés qui ont assuré, un moment ou un autre, la présidence de cette Assemblée révolutionnaire, c’est s’interroger sur l’origine de ces hommes, sur leurs convictions et leurs pouvoirs, mais aussi sur les moyens dont ils disposaient pour assurer des débats ordonnés et sereins. In the session of September 21, 1792, Collot d'Herbois proposed the abolition of the monarchy. After some debate, the proposal was unanimously accepted, the reservations of Quinette having aroused disapproving murmurs. The transition to the Republic, however, created a vacuum, and not only because the executive power had to be reconstructed. In these new circumstances, would the president of the Convention retain his same role, the same powers, and the same image of his predecessors ? To study the ninety-one deputies that at one time or another occupied the presidency of this revolutionary assembly involves not only examining their social origins, their convictions, their powers, but also considering the means these men possessed to ensure that debates remained orderly and calm

Two and three-dimensional numerical modelling of flow patterns in shallow rectangular reservoirs

Hydrodynamic