Lime Addition Effect on Corrosion of Reinforced Mortar

This study aims to investigate the effect of lime addition in cement mortar on corrosion resistance of carbonand galvanized steel reinforcements. Mixed mortars were studied containing three contents of lime (6.7, 13.3,and 26.3 wt.%). The water retention, incorporated air, and compression strength of reinforced mortars weredetermined. Immersion tests were performed using the reinforced mortars consisting of 12 cycles ofimmersion in a solution of 3.5% (wt./v) sodium chloride and drying in a stove at 60oC. Electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy was used to monitoring reinforcement corrosion after cyclic tests. Thesemeasurements were repeated after 36 months of the cyclic immersion testing. After the cyclic immersiontests in a saline solution, the polarization resistance of carbon and galvanized steel reinforcement increased asthe lime content in mortar increased, demonstrating the protective effect of lime. After 36 months, thepolarization resistance of steels in mixed mortars with the highest lime content was the lowest. For the carbonand galvanized steel in cement and mixed mortars, the polarization resistance increased after 36 months ofthe cyclic test.Keywords: Lime. Mortar. Reinforcement corrosion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Das caixas da casa colonial às arcas do Museu Paulista

A partir de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo sobre o espaço doméstico e a cultura material em São Paulo colonial, buscaremos problematizar o ofício do historiador ao lidar com documentos de natureza diversa. Comentaremos como se estabeleceu e se conformou, ao longo do trabalho, um diálogo crítico entre as fontes tridimensionais - as peças do acervo - e as fontes textuais produzidas no contexto de origem dos artefatos domésticos - sobretudo inventários. Com base na catalogação de acervo, pretendemos discutir situações de aproximação e incompatibilidade colocadas, muitas vezes, entre os termos utilizados pelos coevos para designar determinadas peças de mobiliário nos séculos XVIII e XIX e a classificação das peças em instituições museológicas. Para tanto, jogaremos luzes sobre caixas e arcas, pois esses móveis de conter e de guardar eram onipresentes nas casas setecentistas do império português.This paper analyzes the way historians deal with different types of historical documents (considering their origins) based on a research conducted at the Paulista Museum of the University of São Paulo on the theme of domestic space and material culture in colonial São Paulo. We will discuss how a critical dialogue was established between the tridimensional sources - the pieces of the collection - and the textual sources produced in the original context of the domestic artifacts - especially inventories. Based on the cataloging of the collection, we analyze situations of approximation and incompatibility often created by the use of the terms by the contemporaries to designate certain pieces of furniture in the 18th and 19th centuries and the terms used in the process of pieces classification in museological institutions. In order to do so, we will shed light on boxes and chests, because these kind of furniture to contain and store were ubiquitous in the 18th century houses of the Portuguese Empire

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq