Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and  females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg  of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males.  However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant

Potencial anti-helmíntico de Caryocar brasiliense cambess (Caryocaraceae) no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ruminantes

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T23:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leydiana.pdf: 1271795 bytes, checksum: b3f4b785f91906251ca14c3014ef338b (MD5) Previous issue date: 18Um dos grandes obstáculos para a criação de ruminantes são as helmintoses gastrintestinais, que causam grandes perdas na produtividade. Ainda, a resistência aos fármacos convencionais dificulta o combate desses nematódeos. A busca por novas formas de controle se tornou uma necessidade, sendo que a fitoterapia se destacou como uma das alternativas. O pequizeiro, nativo do Cerrado, possui ampla utilização na medicina popular e a ação anti-helmíntica foi relatada para ovinos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial anti-helmíntico do pequizeiro no controle das helmintoses gastrintestinais em ruminantes sob diferentes formas de preparo, bem como a sua toxicidade. Realizaram-se testes de inibição de desenvolvimento larval (IDL) e da inibição da eclodibilidade (IE), para a determinação da eficácia de pós brutos e de extratos aquosos das cascas do fruto e das folhas. Avaliou-se, ainda, a toxicidade aguda dos extratos aquosos das cascas do fruto e das folhas, por via intraperitoneal, em camundongos fêmeas e machos. O extrato aquoso da casca do fruto apresentou eficácias superiores a 90% na IE de nematódeos de bovinos, em todas as concentrações testadas, sendo mais efetivo que o extrato aquoso das folhas, cuja maior eficácia foi de 89,15%. O extrato das folhas também apresentou eficácia moderada na IE de Haemonchus contortus de ovinos (89,31%). Na IDL, apresentou eficácia superior a 95% para as duas maiores concentrações. Os pós brutos da casca do fruto e das folhas apresentaram-se altamente efetivos na IDL de H. contortus de ovinos. Os extratos aquosos das cascas do fruto e das folhas apresentaram-se muito tóxicos, por via intraperitoneal, em camundongos de ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que C. brasiliense apresenta grande potencial no controle da verminose em ruminantes, sendo necessários novos testes de toxicidade, por outras vias e em espécies animais de interesse, além de testes in vivo com diferentes formas de preparo, para serem indicados como alternativa no tratamento das helmintoses gastrintestinais.One of the major obstacles for the creation of ruminants is the gastrointestinal helminthiasis that causes large yield losses. Further, resistance to the drugs complicates the conventional combat of these nematodes. The search for new forms of control has become a necessity, and the phytotherapy stood out as one of the alternatives. The pequizeiro, native of Cerrado, has wide use in folk medicine and anthelmintic action was reported for sheep. Thus it was objectified to evaluate the potential anthelmintic of the pequizeiro in the control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants under different preparation methods, as well as its toxicity. Tests were conducted inhibition of larval development (ILD) and inhibition of hatchability (IH) for determining the efficacy of raw powders and aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of fruit. We evaluated addition, the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of fruit intraperitoneally in mice females and males. The aqueous extract of the bark of the fruit efficiencies above 90% in IE nematodes of cattle in all concentrations tested, being more effective than the aqueous extract of the leaves, whose effectiveness was greater than 89.15%. The leaf extract also showed moderate efficacy in IH Haemonchus contortus in sheep (89.31%). In ILD showed an efficacy of over 95% for the two highest concentrations. The powders of raw fruit rind and leaves were highly effective in ILD H.contortus of sheep. The aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of fruit had become very toxic intraperitoneally into mice of both sexes. It is concluded that C. brasiliense holds great potential to control gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants, requiring new tests of toxicity by other routes and animal species of interest, and in vivo tests with different preparation methods, to be listed as an alternative in the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis

Proteomic characterization of the liver of Nellore cattle divergent for feed efficiency

A alimentação é um dos custos mais relevantes da produção de bovinos de corte e melhorar a eficiência na utilização de nutrientes é essencial para a viabilidade da produção, dado o atual cenário de crescente demanda por proteína animal e mercado altamente competitivo. Nesse contexto, a proteômica surge como uma importante ferramenta na busca por alternativas que aumentem a eficiência alimentar (EA) de bovinos de corte. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o proteoma hepático de bovinos Nelore classificados quanto à EA. Noventa e oito animais foram avaliados em projeto anterior e seis indivíduos de baixa (BEA) e alta eficiência (AEA) tiveram amostras de fígado coletadas no abate, congeladas em Nitrogênio líquido e armazenadas em freezer à -80 ºC. Após a extração e precipitação das proteínas, as amostras foram processadas por duas abordagens distintas: digeridas com tripsina em solução e analisadas em cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência acoplado ao espectrômetro de massas (LC-MS/MS); e previamente separadas em gel para posterior digestão e análise (GeLC-MS/MS). Os dados adquiridos por LC-MS/MS foram analisados com o programa MaxQuant contra os bancos de Bos taurus e Bos indicus do Uniprot para identificação das proteínas, e os resultados analisados com o programa Perseus. Os dados obtidos por GeLC-MS/MS foram analisados com os programas Mascot Distiller e X! Tandem e validados no Scaffold Q+ contra o banco Bos taurus do Uniprot e os resultados analisados com os programas Scaffold Q+ e Perseus. Para abordagem LC-MS/MS, 376 proteínas foram quantificadas e submetidas à análise de abundância diferencial e construção de redes de co-expressão pelo WGCNA, identificando 42 proteínas diferencialmente abundantes (PDAs, p < 0,05) e três módulos significativamente associados à EA. Pela abordagem GeLC-MS/MS foram quantificadas 102 proteínas, das quais cinco foram PDAs (p-valor < 0,05). Três PDAs foram comuns às duas abordagens proteômicas. As proteínas associadas negativamente à EA foram principalmente relacionadas à síntese lipídica, degradação de ácidos graxos, enzimas do sistema do citocromo P450 e processos oxidativos. Por outro lado, as proteínas positivamente relacionadas à EA, foram principalmente envolvidas em processamento e enovelamento de proteínas, além de proteínas atuantes na manutenção da integridade e restauração do citoesqueleto celular. Em ambos os grupos também foram identificadas proteínas que atuam no sistema imunológico e resposta inflamatória. Estes resultados comprovam experimentos anteriores do grupo e demonstram a existência de diferença entre os proteomas do fígado de animais eficientes e ineficientes.Feeding is one of the most relevant cost of beef cattle production and improving nutrient utilization efficiency is essential for the viability of production, given the current scenario of increasing demand for animal protein and highly competitive market. In this context, proteomics appears as an important tool in the search for alternatives that increase the feed efficiency (FE) of beef cattle. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize the hepatic proteome of beef cattle selected for divergent FE. Ninety-eight animals were evaluated in a previous project, and six individuals with low feed efficiency (LFE) and six with high feed efficiency (HFE) had liver samples collected at slaughter, frozen in liquid Nitrogen and stored in a freezer at -80 °C. After protein extraction and precipitation, the samples were processed by two different approaches: digested with trypsin in solution and analyzed in a high efficiency liquid chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS); and previously separated in gel for further digestion and analysis (GeLC-MS/MS). Data acquired by LC-MS/MS were analyzed with MaxQuant software against the Bos taurus and Bos indicus Uniprot databases for proteins identification and the results analyzed with Perseus software. The data obtained by GeLC-MS/MS were analyzed with the softwares Mascot Distiller and X! Tandem and validated in the Scaffold Q+, against Bos taurus Uniprot database and results analyzed with the softwares Scaffold Q+ and Perseus. For the LC-MS/MS approach, 376 proteins were quantified and submitted to differential abundance analysis and co-expression networks by WGCNA, identifying 42 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs, p < 0.05) and three modules significantly associated with FE. For the GeLC-MS/MS approach, 102 proteins were quantified, of which five were DAPs (p-value < 0.05). Three DAPs were common to both proteomics approaches. Proteins negatively associated with FE were mainly related to lipid synthesis, degradation of fatty acids, cytochrome P450 system enzymes and oxidative processes. On the other hand, proteins positively related to FE were mainly involved in protein processing and folding, maintenance of the integrity and restoration of the cellular cytoskeleton. In both groups were also identified proteins that play a role on the immune system and inflammatory response. These results prove previous experiments of the group and demonstrate the existence of difference between liver proteomes of efficient and inefficient animals

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and  females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg  of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males.  However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant