Linguistic Features of Texts and Psychological Characteristics of Speech Activity Products of Students with Different Signaling Systems Domination

The paper presents complex research results of texts as products of individual speech activity of students with different signaling system domination, in particular their linguistic, speech, substantial-semantic features and motivational, emotional, regulative, cognitive, dynamic characteristics of authors. The results of the study have shown that the students with the first signaling system domination tended to be more emotional, dynamic, communication and speech-oriented, despite many grammar errors and large text size. By contrast, the students with the second signaling system domination tended to be less emotional, dynamic and less imaginative, but more analytical. Their texts contained a number of abstract words, non-relevant repetitions, complex sentences with causal and conditional subordinate clauses. В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования текстов как продуктов индивидуальной речевой деятельности студентов с доминированием сигнальных систем, в частности языковые, речевые, содержательно-смысловые особенности, а также мотивационные, эмоциональные, регулятивные, когнитивные, динамические особенности их авторов. Результаты исследования показали, что многословность, коммуникативная ориентированность текстов студентов с доминированием первой сигнальной системы при достаточном количестве нарушений грамматической правильности свидетельствовали об их направленности на речь, а не на языковую систему. Наиболее частое использование ими смысловых категорий действия и признака – об их активности, динамичности и эмоциональности. Редкие проявления склонности к планированию, анализу действий, проявлениям силы воли, речевому самоконтролю – о невысокой внутренней саморегуляции; преимущественная описательность – о более развитом образном, нежели словесно-логическом мышлении. У студентов с преобладанием второй сигнальной системы нашли отражение характерные для них невысокие активность, эмоциональ¬ность и воображение; в небольшом количестве незначимые слова и повторения, грамотность, использование сложных причинно-следственных и условно-целевых смысловых категорий, связность текстов, отсутствие в них нарушений логики и целостности, множество рассуждений на заданную тему, склонность к планированию и анализу действий – саморегуляция, сила воли и аналитическое мышление

Additional education in the system of professional training of university students

The article reflects the results of the implementation of a theoretical and experimental approach to understanding the role of additional education in the professional development of university students. Considering additional education as an element of the continuing education system, we believe that it is the activation of the development of additional education programs for university students, as well as the creation of conditions for effective implementation in the educational process, that will allow us to realize the main task of further education, as defined in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, - education of a creative person, ready for self-development and self-determination. At the same time, the study we organized showed that only a little more than 50% of the students who took part in our study are positively oriented towards receiving additional education. In order to stimulate students' interest in obtaining additional education, including, within the framework of optimizing their professional development, we propose to focus on “immersing” students in research activities

Shredding of polyethylene terephthalate waste

Methods of recycling polyethylene terephthalate waste are analyzed. Thermoplastic waste has great potential for mechanical recycling. Lack of information on the quality of recycled products and their applicability for specific purposes hinders their use. Shredding is a main process in mechanical recycling. Due to the viscoelastic properties, the cost of grinding polymer waste is several times higher than for most brittle mineral materials. Cutting and impact equipment is often used to shred plastic waste. To obtain micron-sized polymer particles, the technologies of cryogenic grinding and wet grinding in solvents are used, which is followed by high operating costs. The purpose of this work was to develop an economical method for producing fine powders from polyethylene terephthalate waste. The specific surface of the powders has been investigated. To investigate the destruction, differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used. The technology of secondary mechanical recycling is proposed: crushing, melting of waste, natural or water cooling of the melt, grinding on equipment typical for brittle materials. A dispersed product with a proportion of micronized fraction of about 50% was obtained for use as filler in composites. The resulting product is more degraded in comparison with the feedstock. Therefore, its use as binders is advisable in applications where a decrease in initial properties is permissible, in products with a long lifecycle, for example, in the production of building materials. The use of waste thermoplastic in applications other than the original one does not always reduce the value of the technology

Integrated modifying zinc-containing additive for construction silicate compositions

Sodium silicate binders are a promising binder base for obtaining effective granular thermal insulation materials. Increasing water resistance, first of all, will expand the scope of their application in construction. At the same time, the features of the modification of sodium silicate binders by compounds of polyvalent metals have not been fully studied, the interaction with which leads to the formation of hardly soluble silicates. The purpose of this work was to develop a modifying complex based on a zinc-containing compound - zinc acetate to increase the water resistance and thermal characteristics of the porous granular material. The proposed modifying additive is a complex consisting of zinc acetate and an organic alcohol solvent. It is shown that the properties of porous granular material can be controlled by changing the composition of the zinc acetate solvent. Qualitative and quantitative dependences of the properties of porous granules (strength, water resistance, density, thermal conductivity) on the type of zinc-containing solution and its content in the compositions have been obtained. The concept of the mechanism of formation of sparingly soluble complexes during the modification of sodium silicate binders with zinc-containing aqueous-alcoholic solutions has been developed. X-ray phase analysis showed that the sodium silicate system modified with an aqueous alcohol solution of zinc acetate, in contrast to an aqueous solution of zinc acetate, is completely in an amorphous state. We believe that compounds of the Zn2SiO4H2O, ZnSiO3 type are in the amorphous state. The obtained research results made it possible to determine the rational composition of granular heat-insulating material with increased operational and functional characteristics (ρ = 200-280 kg / m3, λ = 0.052-0.063 W / (m °C), R = 1.3-1.8 MPa, Kr = 0.89-0.92, W = 16- 18 %)

UNIVERSITY WEB-SITE’S PRAGMATICAL ADAPTATION AS AN ADDRESSEE’S MOTIVATOR

The paper offers the key principles of successful cloning and localizing Russian web-sites relying on triangulation research method and benchmark analysis of English and Russian language university web-sites. Triangulation research method is seen as a strategy for increasing the validity of evaluation and research findings by combining the benefits of both the qualitative and the quantitative approaches, while benchmark analysis results in benchmarking data used to see how the university web-site being analyzed differs from its "peer" group. The paper researches into the university web-site in terms of six-dimensional Hofstede model (Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism / Collectivism, Masculinity / Femininity, Long / Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence / Restraint). Benchmark analysis results in web-site optimization principles and practical guidelines instrumental while translating the web-site content. The university web-site designers and translators should consider the addressee's social and cultural values, social and academic background if they aim at successful pragmatic adaptation of the web-site. This approach relies on a stepwise processing of original web-site contents: 1) "filtering" the original contents; 2) pre-translation analysis; 3) translating the text with its stylistic and pragmatic features in mind. The authors also provide a more accurate interpretation of localization and internationalization with reference to Russian-English translation of the web-site content and its target audience – the addressee

Манипуляция как форма проявления насилия В семье: эмпирический подход к рассмотрению проблемы

The article reflects the results of an empirical understanding of the problem of the manipulative interaction of children in relation to their parents. Based on the results of using the method of theoretical analysis and appealing to the works of both foreign - E. Bern, F. Zimbardo, R. Krauta, D. Price, M. Smith, R. Cialdini, E. Shostroma, and domestic – Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kara-Murza S., Kozachek O.V., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova O.B., Scherban E. and many other scientists, we believe that manipulation as a behavioral manifestation of people towards each other, can be considered not only as a form of influence and pressure, but also as a manifestation of violence. Of particular relevance are issues related to the manipulative interaction of parents in relation to their children and children in relation to their parents (the work of Bern E., Zimbardo F., Kraut R., Price D., Smith M., Shostroma E., Caldini R., etc.); Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kozachek O.V., Kara-Murza S., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova OB, Scherban E., etc.). Based on our analysis of research in the field of interest, we formulate the assumption that children manipulators grow in those families in which parents actively use this form of influence on others. In order to confirm or refute this assumption, we have developed a monitoring program, the implementation of which suggests that our hypothesis is confirmed. It is in those families that use ineffective contacts and forms of interaction with their children (and manipulation, we refer to this category of contacts), children grow up as manipulators, actively applying this form of violent influence on their parents.El artículo refleja los resultados de una comprensión empírica del problema de la interacción manipuladora de los niños en relación con sus padres. Basado en los resultados del uso del método de análisis teórico y atractivo para los trabajos de ambos extranjeros: E. Bern, F. Zimbardo, R. Krauta, D. Price, M. Smith, R. Cialdini, E. Shostroma y domésticos. - Afanasieva VA, Bravoslavska SV, Dotsenko EL, Kara-Murza S., Kozachek OV, Orlova LV, Chesnokova OB, Scherban E. y muchos otros científicos, creemos que la manipulación como una manifestación conductual de las personas entre sí, puede considerarse no solo como una forma de influencia y presión, sino también como una manifestación de violencia. De particular relevancia son los temas relacionados con la interacción manipuladora de los padres en relación con sus hijos y los niños en relación con sus padres (el trabajo de Bern E., Zimbardo F., Kraut R., Price D., Smith M., Shostroma E ., Caldini R., etc.); Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kozachek O.V., Kara-Murza S., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova OB, Scherban E., etc.). Con base en nuestro análisis de investigación en el campo de interés, formulamos la suposición de que los manipuladores de niños crecen en aquellas familias en las que los padres usan activamente esta forma de influencia en los demás. Para confirmar o refutar esta suposición, hemos desarrollado un programa de monitoreo, cuya implementación sugiere que nuestra hipótesis está confirmada. Es en esas familias que usan contactos ineficaces y formas de interacción con sus hijos (y manipulación, nos referimos a esta categoría de contactos), los niños crecen como manipuladores, aplicando activamente esta forma de influencia violenta en sus padres.В статье отражены результаты эмпирического осмысления проблемы манипулятивного взаимодействия детей по отношению к своим родителям. Основываясь на результатах использования метода теоретического анализа и апеллируя к работам как зарубежных-Э. Берн, Ф. Зимбардо, Р. краута, Д. Прайс, М. Смит, Р. Чалдини, Е. Шостром, так и отечественных-Афанасьева В. А., Бравославская С. В., Доценко Е. Л., Кара-Мурза С., Козачек О. В., Орлова Л. В., Чеснокова О. Б., Щербань Е. и многие другие ученые, мы считаем, что манипуляция как поведенческое проявление людей по отношению друг к другу, может рассматриваться не только как форма влияния и давления, но и как проявление насилия. Особую актуальность приобретают вопросы, связанные с манипулятивным взаимодействием родителей по отношению к своим детям и детей по отношению к своим родителям (работы Берна Э., Зимбардо Ф., краута Р., Прайса Д., Смита М., Шострома Е., Кальдини р. и др.); Афанасьева В. А., Бравославская С. В., Доценко Е. Л., Козачек О. В., Кара-Мурза С., Орлова Л. В., Чеснокова О. Б., Щербань Е. и др.). На основе проведенного нами анализа исследований в интересующей нас области сформулировано предположение о том, что дети-манипуляторы растут в тех семьях, в которых родители активно используют эту форму воздействия на окружающих. Для того, чтобы подтвердить или опровергнуть это предположение, мы разработали программу мониторинга, реализация которого предполагает, что наша гипотеза подтверждается. Именно в тех семьях, которые используют неэффективные контакты и формы взаимодействия со своими детьми (а манипуляцию мы относим к этой категории контактов), дети растут как манипуляторы, активно применяя эту форму насильственного воздействия на своих родителей

Cold urticaria – What we know and what we do not know

Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a common form of chronic inducible urticaria characterized by the development of wheals, angioedema or both in response to cold exposure. Recent research and guideline updates have advanced our understanding and management of ColdU. Today, its pathophysiology is thought to involve the cold-induced formation of autoallergens and IgE to these autoallergens, which provoke a release of proinflammatory mediators from skin mast cells. The classification of ColdU includes typical and atypical subtypes. We know that cold-induced wheals usually develop on rewarming and resolve within an hour and that anaphylaxis can occur. The diagnosis relies on the patient's history and cold stimulation testing. Additional diagnostic work-up, including a search for underlying infections, should only be done if indicated by the patient's history. The management of ColdU includes cold avoidance, the regular use of nonsedating antihistamines and the off-label use of omalizumab. However, many questions regarding ColdU remain unanswered. Here, we review what is known about ColdU, and we present important unanswered questions on the epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes. Our aim is to guide future efforts that will close these knowledge gaps and advance the management of ColdU

Science, technology, and innovation: the experience of European countries and prospects for Ukraine

The joint monograph presents the current research of scientific innovation field in Ukraine and EU countries. General questions of technical sciences, technology of food and light industry, economic sciences, agricultural sciences, legal sciences and public administration, applied cultural studies, fine arts, social philosophy and philosophy of history, pedagogical sciences, and so forth are reviewed. The publication is intended for scientists, educators, graduate and undergraduate students, as well as a general audience