UNTOLD BLACK HISTORY

Black people’s history in the past centuries has being portrayed as people that lack the acumen to build any civilization of its own. The knowledge of the Black history has so far being said to be crude or savage and do not have a place in civilization. To some extent some historians presented Black history started after the invasion of Europeans and Arabian of the so called “Africa” continent. The purpose of this presentation is to show by way of historical arts, scriptures, utterances of few world leaders, historical findings and evidences that Blacks had civilizations that was the greatest and the oldest and the most inventive of all the highest civilization and antiquities. It flourished for over three centuries which set a pattern of example for people near and far. Historical evidences have shown that Black history eclipsed by far what had been written down by European invasion of the “Africa” continent. Before the invasion of Europeans in the fourteenth century, Blacks had civilization like the Nubian Empire now called Sudan. Historical facts pointed out facts of purely black society that mastered the act of craftsmanship of an advance civilization contrary to what was written as a dark people who leaved in caves and trees. Today there are more than three hundreds pyramids and remnants of destroyed civilization in Nubia. Kemet civilization now called Egypt, which in retrospect of the word Kemet means: “Land of the Black”. The world current perception of this land today is considered to be closely related to Arabian. Distancing herself from the original architect of Kemet civilization, which was created by Black civilization as scriptures and historical evidences revealed. The Songhay Empire now annexed in Mali, produced the richest man to ever walk the surface of the earth. His fortune was in tons of gold, silver and many more earthly possessions. All of these empires and kingdoms thrived from somewhere around the seventh century onto the fourteen century. In conclusion one would be tempted to ponder over certain concerns about Black history and their invaders; why were ancient black civilization neglected or destroyed or not mentioned in the history books by their invaders? Why was the names of ancient Black Kingdom and Empire changed? Why European did invaded Africa? Was it in searched of knowledge or to decimate the Black Hebrew Israelites that fled to Kingdom and Empire in Africa? It is becoming evidently clearer that we need a censure of European idea of Black history

Labour Contracts and Performance of Cameroonian Firms

The aim of this study is to evaluate employees' productivity in relation to their contract status. This study uses (a) survey data collected among manufacturing sector firms, having more than 15 employees, in Cameroon between April and May 2006 and (b) information issued by the National Institute of Statistics. Information collected concerned 45 firms spanning the period 2003 to 2005. This study uses the stochastic production frontier, distinguishing employees holding fixed-term contract (FTC) from employees that do not have fixed-term contracts (indefinite-term contract (ITC)). Results are estimated in 2 stages. First, we evaluate the determinants of the utilisation of FTC workers and second, we estimate the level of efficiency and productivity of two types of workers. Empirical results indicate that employees holding FTC are twice more productive than those holding ITC. Likewise, parameters indicating returns to scale are 1.3. This parameter, though not significant, is greater than one indicating constant returns to scale in the firm production function.labour contract, fixed-term contract, indefinite-term contract, production frontier

Internet Use in a Central African Country: An Evidence of Cameroon

The objective of this study is to identify the different activities that motivate individuals to use the Internet in Cameroon Specifically this is to show that activities related to the search for information online academic activities online activities on digital social media listening and downloading music online online watching and movie download online purchases and sales online administrative services and online sports activities motivate the use of the Internet by individuals in Cameroon The methodology implemented uses data from the survey of the practice of new digital media in Cameroon PRANOME carried out in 2021 in the cities of Yaound Douala Mfou and Soa under the supervision of the Center of Research in Economic and Management CEREG of the University of Yaound 2-Soa in Cameroon The results of the estimates made on the basis of the binary Logit model show that Internet use has a positive and significant effect at the 1 level on the activities of listening and downloading online music watching and for downloading movies online searching for information online and on digital social media This Internet use also has a positive and significant effect at the 5 level on online academic activities and a positive and significant effect at the 10 level on activities related to online administrative services purchasing and online sales and online sports activitie

Niveau De Connaissance Du Don De Sang Et Disposition Au Don De Sang Des Etudiants Au Cameroun.

This work benefited from the active support of the University of Yaound II-Soa the Center National Blood Transfusion of Cameroon CNTS and especially of the Federation Cameroonian for Voluntary Blood Donation FECADOBES who after offering us a one-year internship entrusted us with the secretariat of several seminars and meetings of the actors blood donation This has been of immeasurable contribution to our understanding of the operation of the blood management system in Cameroon We also express our gratitude to the research team of the African Economic Extension Program PAVEN for its dynamism in data collection and of course our gratitude to the whole team mobilized for reading and improving this work By elsewhere the views expressed in this work should be taken as specific to their author

Inequalities in effective Access to Obstetric Care in Chad

This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature regarding the inequalities in effective access to obstetric care in Chad by introducing the decomposition of antenatal care (ANC) consultation in a comprehensive model of obstetric care. The methodology used is the regression decomposition approach in additional to the Probit and negative Binomial Law. The results show that there are significant factors of inequality in effective access to obstetric care. The factors that contribute most to these inequalities are the income of women’s well-being, place of residence and level of education. Combating income inequality, promoting equitable education, and subsidizing transport resources can make the health care system more equitable and significantly reduce unfair inequalities in access to obstetric care. Based on the findings of this study, we propose areas for future research. For instance, it would be interesting to examine women's treatment pathways in their health seeking behaviour. This will make it possible to see women's preference in effective access to obstetric care in Chad

Décision multicritère : un système de recommandation pour le choix de l'opérateur d'agrégation

Les systèmes de recommandation sont de plus en plus populaires. Les travaux issus de cette thèse se situent dans le domaine de l’Aide à la Décision Multi-Critère (MultiCriteria Decision Analysis MCDA). Dans le domaine du MCDA, il existe de nombreuses méthodes d’agrégation. Cette diversité des méthodes d'agrégation et des situations décisionnelles fait qu'il n'existe pas de super méthode applicable dans toutes les situations décisionnelles. La question est alors de savoir comment choisir un opérateur d'agrégation approprié face à un problème de décision donné ? Nous essayons dans cette thèse d'avoir des éléments de réponse à cette question, d’une part en étudiant les systèmes d’aide à la décision, d’autre part en analysant différents opérateurs d’agrégation présents dans la littérature. Ce qui nous a permis de mettre en place un système de recommandation mettant en œuvre plusieurs opérateurs d’agrégation. Lors d’une procédure d’agrégation, l’utilisateur a la possibilité de choisir un opérateur d’agrégation parmi les opérateurs disponibles. Il peut aussi se laisser proposer un opérateur d’agrégation par le système. L’opérateur d’agrégation le plus approprié au problème de décision du décideur est choisi selon plusieurs paramètres.Recommendation systems are becoming more popular. This PhD focusses on MultiCriteriaDecision Analysis (MCDA). For MCDA, it exists multiplication lot of aggregation methods. This diversity of aggregation methods and decision-making situations means that there is no super method applicable in all decision-making situations. The question then is how to choose an appropriate aggregation operator for a given decision problem? In this thesis, we try to have some answers to this question, on the one hand by studying the decision support systems, on the other hand by analyzing different aggregation operators present in the literature. This allowed us to set up a recommendation system implementing several aggregation operators. During an aggregation procedure, the user has the possibility of choosing an aggregation operator from among the available operators. It can also be offered an aggregation operator by the system. The aggregation operator most appropriate to the decision-maker's decision problem is chosen according to several parameters

WORKPLACE INJUSTICE AND THE PLACE OF THE VICTIM; THE ANTECEDENTS OF TALK ABOUT WORKPLACE INJUSTICE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA, CAMEROON

Purpose: This study examines the role of a victim of workplace injustice in their own recovery process. It asks: can victims recover from the negative effects of a fairness violation, and more specifically, can talk, that is, conversation with others, aid such a recovery process? This study argues that such victims of workplace injustice will be motivated to reduce this distressing condition, to repair their relational selves, via talk. It is argued that this state of threatened relational need will lead to both emotional and cognition talk via anger. Methodology/Design/Approaches: A repeated cross-sectional survey was carried out at two time points separated by six weeks. The data and analyses for this study came from the first survey, with a replication of the results conducted with the second time point of data to examine the validity of the findings. The sample for this study used 166 employees of the University of Bamenda. The average age of participants was 43 years (SD = 15.66), and their tenure with the company was on average 7.94 years (SD = 7.33). Sixty percent (60%) of the participants were Female. Findings: The study uncovered antecedents and consequences of talk; anger and thwarted justice needs were found to trigger talk, with an interaction between emotion and cognition talk driving victim-centred outcomes of rumination, self-affirmation and active solutions. Research Limitations: It should be noted, that the present study is perhaps best assessed by cross-sectional design rather than separating predictor and criterion variables over separate time periods. The issue lies with the nature of talk – conversations unfold soon after an event. Too much temporal separation leaves a researcher open to missing the fundamental intricacies of conversation that occurs and perhaps artificially inflating the links between injustice, needs and talk. Originality: This empirical research is the first of its kind to be carried out within the context of the victims of injustice at the University of Bamenda. The study area is unique as no related research has been carried out within the University of Bamenda. As such, if the findings of this study are implemented within the study area, the present study will be one step towards a greater appreciation of workplace injustice as experienced through the eyes of a victim, providing impetus to the integration of both organisational justice and talk as fields of enquiry.  Article visualizations

Does the academic performance of the Francophone education subsystem exceed that of the Anglophone education subsystem at primary level? Evidence from Cameroon

This paper aims to implement the differences in academic performance between students in the francophone and anglophone education subsystems at primary level in Cameroon Using data from the Programme d Analyse des Syst mes Educatifs de la Confemen organised in 2014 the study employs a two-stage modelling approach Firstly the estimation of educational production functions by OLS shows that student characteristics and school context are important determinants of students achievement in the anglophone and francophone subsystems Second the Oaxaca-Blinder 1973 decomposition method showed that at the end of the primary school year students in the francophone education subsystem perform better than those in the anglophone subsystem The share of explained factors contributes to increase this differential to more than 100 in both mathematics and language therefore it does not matter how much the unexplained share is given it does not suggest the existence of discrimination in school performance towards the anglophone subsystem This calls for policy makers to consider their role in reducing the various sources of inequality among students of all kinds particularly that focused on the linguistic-educational subsyste