Outsourcing w przedsiębiorstwach sektora MŚP

Small, medium and micro enterprises constituting the SME sector are dynamically developing companies with a growing importance for particular countries. It is most of all showed by the number of already functioning businesses in this sector, as well as their job-generating abilities and GDP participation of this sector in Poland. Companies of the SME sector have basic and essential feature, that is high level of ability to adjust to the turbulent surrounding, in terms of both a product and a process. They function in numerous areas, including trade, services, production, etc. Many of them function in the field of new technologies, for example information and communication technology (ICT). Companies of the SME sector offer their products and provide clients with their services also in Internet-based virtual economic space. Many of the enterprises in question offer what is called value-added products that are developed basing on the companies’ own, unique and highly specialized, input of work that is based on employees and owners knowledge. For instance, there are enterprises carrying out project from the field of culture, author services and other. The development of the SME sector triggers the development of particular regions as well as particular countries. Outsourcing is definitely among the methods and concepts that develop the sector and stabilize its functioning. In the present work the following definition of outsourcing has been adopted: outsourcing is sectioning off the selected areas, functions, processes, projects of a given enterprise’s organizational structure, or using sources that are outside (functioning in near or far surrounding of a company) to the enterprise. The definition especially indicates areas for the companies of the SME sector to explore in the future. Those areas are currently not inside the organizational structures, but soon they will become indispensable (taking different criteria into account, for example quality) for them to function, develop or simply survive. Applying outsourcing (according to all of its generations and kinds) in companies of the SME sector creates innovative ways (constructing — organizational structures, companies of the SME sector, basing on the chain outsourcing) to maintain them. The research findings presented in the book have been worked out on the basis of the study regarding the application of outsourcing in randomly selected companies of the SME sector in the following voivodeships: śląskie, małopolskie and dolnośląskie. The area in question embraces regions that are: industrial, postindustrial but also farming as well as tourist and health resort. Consecutive chapters of the book describe: — identifying small and medium enterprises (SME) sector. The following areas have been presented in the chapter: characteristics of companies of the SME sector; the SME sector in strategies and on various levels; selected aspects of globalization in the functioning of the SME sector; identifying virtual economic space in functioning of companies of the SME sector; conditions for development of companies of the SME sector; cultural circumstances in functioning of companies of the SME sector; — identifying outsourcing. The following areas have been presented in the chapter: concepts and kinds of outsourcing; reasons for applying outsourcing; fields of applying outsourcing; the process of introducing and monitoring outsourcing projects; outsourcing in the virtual space; — outsourcing in functioning of the companies of the SME sector. The following areas have been presented in the chapter: identifying the fields of outsourcing in the companies of the SME sector; reasons for applying outsourcing in the companies of the SME sector; the fields of the companies of the SME sector where outsourcing was applied; the reasons for success and failure of the outsourcing projects in the companies of the SME sector; selected categories in strategies of the companies of the SME sector applying outsourcing; — application scenarios for introducing outsourcing in the companies of the SME sector. The chapter presents selected methods of using outsourcing in functioning of the companies of the SME sector, including characteristics of applying capital budgeting and controlling. Using the analyses included in the book as well as conclusions regarding the characteristics of the companies of the SME sector, and most of all referring to applying outsourcing projects in their functioning, enables the readers to working out the innovative behaviors (of employees as well as entrepreneurs), increasing the intellectual capital of the SME sector companies (outsourcing group creating), and giving them more social responsibility. A demand to create and develop micro enterprises is of a special significance

"Outsourcing" jako metoda eliminacji barier kulturowych w funkcjonowaniu organizacji wielokulturowych

Wyprowadzenie wybranych funkcji i obszarów (outsourcing) organizacji poza nią z uwzględnieniem aspektów kultury organizacji, w tym kultury narodowej, pozwoli na tworzenie nowej wartości w jej łańcuchu wartości. Koncepcja zastosowania outsourcingu w aspekcie realnego uwzględniania „lokalnych” kultur organizacyjnych, w tym wynikająca z uwzględnienia „lokalnej” kultury narodowej, pozwala na: — tworzenie dodatkowych wartości w organizacji zlecającej, która na lokalnym rynku nie jest w stanie tworzyć innowacyjnych rozwiązań zwiększających jej efektywność ekonomiczną, — zwiększenie korzyści natury kulturowej (rytuały, symbolika materialna, język i inne), — wykorzystanie syndromu wizerunku zarówno z pozycji zleceniodawcy (korzystanie z renomowanych dostarczycieli usług, z danego rynku — szwajcarskiego jako usługi finansowe — lub wybranych korporacji, np. IBM, GAZPROM, SHELL, BP), jak i z pozycji zleceniobiorcy — na przykład wykorzystując jego dobrą kondycję ekonomiczno-finansową; — eliminację konfliktów, których podłożem pozostają uwarunkowania kulturowe. Zastosowanie outsourcingu w zarządzaniu organizacjami z jednej strony pozwala na „konsumowanie” korzyści wynikających z globalizacji działania, z drugiej — stwarza możliwość uwzględnienia w funkcjonowaniu organizacji różnic ich kultur (zarówno kultury organizacji — zleceniodawcy, jak i kultury organizacji — zleceniobiorcy) i kultur lokalnych narodowych. Reasumując, należy podkreślić ogromne możliwości wykorzystania outsourcingu jako narzędzia eliminacji barier kulturowych w funkcjonowaniu organizacji na poszczególnych rynkach oraz w funkcjonowaniu globalnych organizacji wielokulturowych. Proces globalizacji dynamizuje tworzenie organizacji wielokulturowych, co implikuje jeszcze większy wpływ aspektów kulturowych na ich funkcjonowanie. Dlatego uwzględnianie wybranych aspektów kultur przez zastosowanie outsourcingu zwiększa szanse przetrwania organizacji na bardzo turbulentnym globalnym rynku

Untersuchung zum Rauchverhalten und zu Prädiktoren des Tabakkonsums von Schülern im Thüringer Großstadtraum

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Einflussfaktoren Familien-, und Freundeskreis, Schule und Alkoholkonsum im Kontext des Substanzkonsums (Rauchen) von Heranwachsen­den, welche in Großstadtgebieten des Bundeslandes Thüringen leben, und deren Konsumverhalten zu analysieren. Resümierend kann zu den Befunden dieser Studie festgehalten werden, dass ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rauchverhalten der Schüler und dem Tabakkonsum im sozia­len Umfeld besteht. Übereinstimmend mit anderen Untersuchungen zu den Risikofaktoren des Rauchens zeigte sich, dass ein rauchender Freundeskreis den stärksten Prädiktor für den regelmäßigen Tabakkonsum darstellt. Besonders Besorgnis erregend ist der Befund, dass der erstmalige Konsum von Zigaretten sehr frühzeitig im durchschnittlichen Alter von 11,3 Jahren erfolgt. Das frühzeitige Einsetzen suchtpräventiver Interventionen sowie die Einbeziehung von Fami­lie, Peergroup und Bildungsniveau scheinen für das weitere präventive Vorgehen unabding­bar

The Model of Changes in the Psychomotor Performance of the Production Workers

The results of the study indicated a relationship between the worker’s psychomotor performance at a certain time of the work shift and the changes in the level of their fatigue. The performance is reflected in the production results, such as the decrease in the productivity and an increase in the number of defects. The results of the study made it possible to define a model (algorithm) of changes in the worker’s psychomotor performance. The developed model identifies the direction of the organisational changes in a production plant environment operating in the rotational shift pattern. The organisational changes can relieve staff in the night and minimise the risk of the declining production efficiency during work at night

Развитие подхода к моделированию процесса получения этилбензола

На примере процесса синтеза этилбензола предложен подход к формализации схемы превращений углеводородов, заключающийся в группировании компонентов по их реакционной способности в отношении определенной реакции. Рассчитаны значения степеней компенсации реакций как показателя реакционной способности компонентов. Разработаны кинетические модели процессов алкилирования бензола этиленом и трансалкилирования полиалкилатов

Технология сборки и сварки хребтовой балки рамы железнодорожной платформы

При производстве деталей вагонов поездов особое значение отдается технологии сборки и сварки, от которой будет зависеть качество и работоспособность конструкции. Одной из наиболее нагруженных деталей вагона является хребтовая балка. Хребтовая балка служит для крепления на ней автосцепного и тормозного оборудования. Предметом изучения является технология автоматической сварки под слоем флюса плавящимся электродом. Объектом изучения в выпускной квалификационной работе является технология изготовления хребтовой балки. Цель работы – является разработка технологического процесса сборки и автоматической сварки под слоем флюса вагонной хребтовой.In the production of train car parts, special emphasis is given to assembly and welding technology, on which the quality and performance of the structure will depend. One of the most loaded parts of the car is a spinal beam. Spinal beam serves to attach the auto-coupling and brake equipment on it. The subject of study is the technology of automatic welding under a layer of flux by a consumable electrode. The object of study in the final qualifying work is the technology of making a spinal beam. The purpose of the work is the development of the technological process of assembly and automatic welding under a layer of flux wagon spinal

Influence of acidic characteristics of zeolites on activity and selectivity to diesel fraction of NiMo hydrocracking catalysts

In the present study, we investigated the influence of acid properties of NiMo hydrocracking catalysts on activity and selectivity to the diesel fraction. NiMo catalysts were prepared with using following acid components: ultrastable zeolite Y (UZ-Y), recrystallized zeolite Y (RMZ-Y) and nanocrystalline zeolite BEA (NCZ-BEA). Hydrocracking catalysts were tested in a down-flow, fixed bed reactor. Concentration and strength of Bronsted (BAS) and Lewis (LAS) acid sites of the zeolites were determined by infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. Supports containing γ-Al2O3 and 20, 30 or 40 wt. % of UC-Y zeolite were prepared. It was shown that the higher zeolite content the higher activity and the lower selectivity to diesel fraction of the catalysts are. Testing of the catalysts prepared from different zeolites in hydrocracking showed that selectivity to diesel fraction is greatly influenced by the ratio of BAS concentration on outer surface of zeolite crystals to concentration strongest BAS on internal surface