From Registration to Recounts Revisited: Developments in the Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States

As a follow-up to a study of problems during the 2006 elections, examines the states' continuing adjustments to institutional arrangements, voter registration databases, convenience voting, and post-election processes in the 2008 elections

The heavy quark's self energy from moving NRQCD on the lattice

We present a calculation of the heavy quark's self energy in moving NRQCD to one-loop in perturbation theory. Results for the energy shift and external momentum renormalisation are discussed and compared with non-perturbative results. We show that the momentum renormalisation is small, which is the result of a remnant of re-parameterisation invariance on the lattice.Comment: Talk given at Lattice2004(heavy), Fermilab, June 21-26, 200

Increasing safe design practice within the engineering curriculum

CONTEXT The Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 2012-2022 contains two national Action Areas of direct relevance to Engineering Educators: Healthy and safe by design and Health and safety capabilities. The need for designs to be safe, and for student engineers to develop competencies in this area, is not new. However, poor design of machinery plant and powered tools continues to kill and injure Australian workers. Safe Work Australia (2014) reports that between 2006 and 2011, 63 workrelated deaths were determined to be caused by the unsafe design of machinery plant and power tools, or design-related factors contributed to the fatality. A further 125 fatalities were considered as possibly design-related. It is sad fact that many of these deaths were preventable with existing design solutions. Good design can eliminate (or minimise the impact of) the major physical, biomechanical and psychosocial hazards associated with work. From an engineering education perspective it is necessary to increase awareness amongst educators and students of these processes such that consideration of safe design is inherent to the engineering design process and not simply an added regulatory requirement. PURPOSE Safe design is not a separate activity or series of activities, but is integral to the engineering process regardless of sector or discipline. This paper reviews the role of engineering educators in understanding, promoting and embedding safe design principles within the engineering curricula. APPROACH The paper explores how safe design has been incorporated into engineering education since the early 1990s, and assesses the effectiveness of available resources and teaching practice. Changes to the legislative environment throughout this time are also described, to provide context and articulate implications for engineering educators. RESULTS The importance of safe design is recognised and resources do exist to support engineering educators to embed safe design principles within curriculum. The paper provides a series of recommendations to mainstream the available resources, highlights characteristics of effective practice and identifies areas for further professional development of engineering educators who are not familiar with safe design principles. CONCLUSIONS In order to develop graduates who are safe design practitioners, the model of engineering design introduced within the engineering curriculum must demonstrate that safe design is an inherent user requirement for all projects. This requires engineering educators to be familiar with human centred engineering design and how this impacts traditional technical design outcomes.Bernadette Foley, Prue Howard, Yvonne Toft and Mike Hur

Fractionation of sulfur isotopes during heterogeneous oxidation of SO₂ on sea salt aerosol: a new tool to investigate non-sea salt sulfate production in the marine boundary layer

The oxidation of SO₂ to sulfate on sea salt aerosols in the marine environment is highly important because of its effect on the size distribution of sulfate and the potential for new particle nucleation from H₂SO₄ (g). However, models of the sulfur cycle are not currently able to account for the complex relationship between particle size, alkalinity, oxidation pathway and rate – which is critical as SO₂ oxidation by O₃ and Cl catalysis are limited by aerosol alkalinity, whereas oxidation by hypohalous acids and transition metal ions can continue at low pH once alkalinity is titrated. We have measured ³⁴S/³²S fractionation factors for SO₂ oxidation in sea salt, pure water and NaOCl aerosol, as well as the pH dependency of fractionation. <br><br> Oxidation of SO₂ by NaOCl aerosol was extremely efficient, with a reactive uptake coefficient of ≈0.5, and produced sulfate that was enriched in ³²S with &alpha;_OCl = 0.9882±0.0036 at 19 °C. Oxidation on sea salt aerosol was much less efficient than on NaOCl aerosol, suggesting alkalinity was already exhausted on the short timescale of the experiments. Measurements at pH = 2.1 and 7.2 were used to calculate fractionation factors for each step from SO₂(g) → multiple steps → SO_OCl^2&minus;. Oxidation on sea salt aerosol resulted in a lower fractionation factor than expected for oxidation of SO₃^2&minus; by O₃ (&alpha;_seasalt = 1.0124±0.0017 at 19 °C). Comparison of the lower fractionation during oxidation on sea salt aerosol to the fractionation factor for high pH oxidation shows HOCl contributed 29% of S(IV) oxidation on sea salt in the short experimental timescale, highlighting the potential importance of hypohalous acids in the marine environment. <br><br> The sulfur isotope fractionation factors measured in this study allow differentiation between the alkalinity-limited pathways – oxidation by O₃ and by Cl catalysis (&alpha;₃₄ = 1.0163&plusmn;0.0018 at 19 °C in pure water or 1.0199&plusmn;0.0024 at pH = 7.2) – which favour the heavy isotope, and the alkalinity non-limited pathways – oxidation by transition metal catalysis (&alpha;₃₄ = 0.9905±0.0031 at 19 °C, Harris et al., 2012a) and by hypohalites (&alpha;₃₄ = 0.9882±0.0036 at 19 °C) – which favour the light isotope. In combination with field measurements of the oxygen and sulfur isotopic composition of SO₂ and sulfate, the fractionation factors presented in this paper may be capable of constraining the relative importance of different oxidation pathways in the marine boundary layer

Fractal Dimensions in Perceptual Color Space: A Comparison Study Using Jackson Pollock's Art

The fractal dimensions of color-specific paint patterns in various Jackson Pollock paintings are calculated using a filtering process which models perceptual response to color differences (\Lab color space). The advantage of the \Lab space filtering method over traditional RGB spaces is that the former is a perceptually-uniform (metric) space, leading to a more consistent definition of ``perceptually different'' colors. It is determined that the RGB filtering method underestimates the perceived fractal dimension of lighter colored patterns but not of darker ones, if the same selection criteria is applied to each. Implications of the findings to Fechner's 'Principle of the Aesthetic Middle' and Berlyne's work on perception of complexity are discussed.Comment: 21 pp LaTeX; two postscript figure

Patient experience of different regional models of urgent and emergency care: a cross-sectional survey study

Objectives: To compare user experiences of 8 regional urgent and emergency care systems in the Republic of Ireland, and explore potential avenues for improvement. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting: Several distinct models of urgent and emergency care operate in Ireland, as system reconfiguration has been implemented in some regions but not others. The Urgent Care System Questionnaire was used to explore service users' experiences with urgent and emergency care. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to detect regional variation in each of the 3 domains and overall ratings of care. Participants: A nationally representative sample (N=8002) of the general population was contacted by telephone, yielding 1205 participants who self-identified as having used urgent and emergency care services in the previous 3?months. Main outcome measures Patient experience was assessed across 3 domains: entry into the system, progress through the system and patient convenience of the system. Participants were also asked to provide an overall rating of the care they received. Results: Service users in Dublin North East gave lower ratings on the entry into the system scale than those in Dublin South (adjusted mean difference=?0.18; 95% CI ?0.35 to ?0.10; p=0.038). For overall ratings of care, service users in the Mid-West were less likely than those in Dublin North East to give an excellent rating (adjusted OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.92; p=0.022). Survey items relating to communication, and consideration of patients' needs were comparatively poorly rated. The use of public emergency departments and out-of-hours general practice care was associated with poorer patient experiences. Conclusions: No consistent relationship was found between the type of urgent and emergency care model in different regions and patient experience. Scale-level data may not offer a useful metric for exploring the impact of system-level service change

The Young, Massive, Star Cluster Sandage-96 After the Explosion of SN 2004dj in NGC 2403

The bright Type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2004dj occurred within the young, massive stellar cluster Sandage-96 in a spiral arm of NGC 2403. New multi-wavelength observations obtained with several ground-based and space-based telescopes are combined to study the radiation from Sandage-96 after SN 2004dj faded away. Sandage-96 started to dominate the flux in the optical bands starting September 2006 (~800 d after explosion). The optical fluxes are equal to the pre-explosion ones within the observational uncertainties. An optical Keck spectrum obtained ~900 d after explosion shows the dominant blue continuum from the cluster stars shortward of 6000 \AA as well as strong SN nebular emission lines redward. The integrated spectral energy distribution (SED) of the cluster has been extended into the ultraviolet region by archival XMM-Newton and new Swift observations, and compared with theoretical models. The outer parts of the cluster have been resolved by the Hubble Space Telescope, allowing the construction of a color-magnitude diagram. The fitting of the cluster SED with theoretical isochrones results in cluster ages between 10--40 Myr, depending on metallicity and the model family. The isochrone fitting indicates that the resolved part of the cluster has a bimodal age distribution: a younger population at ~10--16 Myr, and an older one at ~32--100 Myr which is similar to the age distribution of the nearby field stars. These stars may have been captured from the field during the cluster formation. The young age of Sandage-96 suggest 12 < M_prog < 20 M_\odot as the most probable mass range for the progenitor of SN 2004dj. This is consistent with, but perhaps slightly higher than, most of the other Type II-plateau SN progenitor masses determined so far.Comment: accepted in Ap

Building Interdisciplinary Learning Partnerships

Capital University Law School & Grant Medical Center partnered to provide training on medical malpractice to law students and medical residents. The course utilized a unique, interdisciplinary approach to skills training & professional development. The course attempts to meet several needs: (1) Increase experiential learning opportunities to develop professional skills and judgment; (2) Provide authentic, experiential learning that is cost-effective and accessible to all law students, including non-traditional and part­time students; and (3) Promote interdisciplinary education.https://fuse.franklin.edu/ss2016/1066/thumbnail.jp

Inflammation and changes in cytokine levels in neurological feline infectious peritonitis.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive, fatal, predominantly Arthus-type immune-mediated disease that is triggered when cats are infected with a mutant enteric coronavirus. The disease presents variably with multiple organ failure, seizures, generalized effusion, or shock. Neurological FIP is clinically and pathologically more homogeneous than systemic 'wet' or 'dry' FIP; thus, comparison of cytokine profiles from cats with neurological FIP, wet FIP, and non-FIP neurological disease may provide insight into some baseline characteristics relating to the immunopathogenesis of neurological FIP. This study characterizes inflammation and changes in cytokines in the brain tissue of FIP-affected cats. Cellular infiltrates in cats with FIP included lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, and RANTES showed no upregulation in the brains of control cats, moderate upregulation in neurological FIP cats, and very high upregulation in generalized FIP cats. Transcription of IFN-gamma appeared upregulated in cats with systemic FIP and slightly downregulated in neurological FIP. In most cytokines tested, variance was extremely high in generalized FIP and much less in neurological FIP. Principal components analysis was performed in order to find the least number of 'components' that would summarize the cytokine profiles in cats with neurological FIP. A large component of the variance (91.7%) was accounted for by levels of IL-6, MIP-1 alpha, and RANTES. These findings provide new insight into the immunopathogenesis of FIP and suggest targets for immune therapy of this disease

Identification of Electron Donor States in N-doped Carbon Nanotubes

Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes have been synthesized using pyrolysis and characterized by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The doped nanotubes are all metallic and exhibit strong electron donor states near the Fermi level. Using tight-binding and ab initio calculations, we observe that pyridine-like N structures are responsible for the metallic behavior and the prominent features near the Fermi level. These electron rich structures are the first example of n-type nanotubes, which could pave the way to real molecular hetero-junction devices.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, revtex, submitted to PR