Study of Posting Activities of Russian Users on Social Media

Content marketing on social media depends on trends in consumer behaviors. A changing focus and emphasis on audience activities on social media are a key optimization problem in social media marketing (SMM). A solution to this problem lies in a field of ongoing empirical studies of posting frequency. In the review of the literature, authors highlight the role of social media as a promising channel for a direct interaction of companies/brands with consumers. Based on theoretical generalizations, authors present a generation sequence of an SMM content strategy. The article also includes an analysis of posting activities of users from Russia on well-known social media. A cost-benefit analysis of posting activities rests upon some factors: socio-demographic characteristics of users, a content format, time and day of the week parameters, etc. Data come from such sources as aggregated statistics of social media and selective interviewing. An analysis of activities for users from Russia has shown that VKontakte is the most popular platform; Instagram is the second, while Facebook is the third. Odnoklassniki and Twitter are less preferred. VKontakte users respond best to short posts. On Facebook, entries with medium-sized texts have got the highest number of responds. On Instagram, long posts work better. The photo format is a leader in all of the social media. The video format has a middle position, while a text is the most inefficient type of content. There is strong differentiation in response time depending on a target audience. Findings have made it possible to present recommendations for optimization of content marketing

Coherent spin relaxation in molecular magnets

Numerical modelling of coherent spin relaxation in nanomagnets, formed by magnetic molecules of high spins, is accomplished. Such a coherent spin dynamics can be realized in the presence of a resonant electric circuit coupled to the magnet. Computer simulations for a system of a large number of interacting spins is an efficient tool for studying the microscopic properties of such systems. Coherent spin relaxation is an ultrafast process, with the relaxation time that can be an order shorter than the transverse spin dephasing time. The influence of different system parameters on the relaxation process is analysed. The role of the sample geometry on the spin relaxation is investigated.Comment: Latex file, 22 pages, 7 figure

Soil microorganisms in the urban ecosystems of the russian subarctic (Murmansk region, Apatity)

A comprehensive study of the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil microfungi, bacteria and algae communities in the Apatity city, located in the subarctic zone of Russia, was carried out for the first time. Urban soil samples were taken from various landuse zones (residential, recreational) and compared to arable and forest soils. In the residential zone, a decrease in the number of microfungi in the topsoil horizon to 1.1 thous. CFU/g compared to 22.7 thous. CFU/g in forest soil was revealed. In the residential zone, an increase was found in the number of saprotrophic bacteria to 7.8 million cells g-1 and oligotrophic to 10.9 million cells g-1 compared to 2.6 million cells g-1 and 1.8 million cells g-1 respectively in forest soils. In the recreational zone, the number of soil microorganisms was similar to that in the forest. A decrease in the species diversity of microfungi in the soil of the residential zone and an increase in the diversity of soil algae were revealed. Among the dominant species of fungi in urban soils, atypical species, including pathogenic ones for humans (Penicillium dierckxii, Stachybotris echinatus, Fusarium sp.), were found. In the algal community, diatoms, yellow-green algae, and cyanobacteria appeared in urban soils in comparison with forest soil. As a result of changes in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of soil microbial communities, a decrease in the enzymatic activity of soils has been noted. This may indicate a weakening of the ecosystem functions of urban soils and an increase in the degree of toxicity for living organisms and humans

Spin dynamics of electrons and holes in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells at milliKelvin temperatures

The carrier spin dynamics in a n-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum well has been studied by time-resolved Faraday rotation and ellipticity techniques in the temperature range down to 430 milliKelvin. These techniques give data with very different spectral dependencies, from which nonetheless consistent information on the spin dynamics can be obtained, in agreement with theoretical predictions. The mechanisms of long-lived spin coherence generation are discussed for the cases of trion and exciton resonant excitation. We demonstrate that carrier localization leads to a saturation of spin relaxation times at 45 ns for electrons below 4.5 K and at 2 ns for holes below 2.3 K. The underlying spin relaxation mechanisms are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Antioxidant System Response of Freshwater Mussel Anodontacygnea to Cadmium Exposure

Cadmium is one of the widespread toxic substances being hazardous for man as it capable to enter from the environment into animal and plant tissues and spreading along the food chain. We have studied the effect of Cd on the gills and hepatopancreas of the fresh water bivalve mollusks Anodontacygnea. After 12-day acclimation the mollusks were kept for 24 and 72 hours in aquariums with Cd2+ concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 μg/L. Mass-spectrometric analysis has shown that Cd accumulation rate increased with increasing metal concentration in the water. At cadmium concentration of 100 μg/L the mollusk was capable of accumulating up to 0.44 μg of Cd per day. The accumulation of such high metal concentrations in the mollusk tissues did not kill the animals, but signs of oxidative stress, more pronounced in the gills than in the digestive gland, were observed. Exposure to cadmium ions decreased GSH concentration and increase Рx activity in the mollusk gills as early as 24 hours after the beginning of the experiment. Changing the water in the aquarium had a considerable influence on SOD activity in the gills comparable with the effect of the addition of Cd

Оптимізація мікроклонального розмноження in vitro материнки звичайної (Origanum vulgare)

Medicinal plants are important objects for botany, systematics and plant geography research, as well as physiology, pharmacology, and biotechnology. Medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae family are being intensively studied for medical and pharmacological reasons. This family also includes the medicinal herbaceous plant oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), known from ancient times for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, the ability to strengthen the human immune system, and to improve the general state of an organism. At present, the study of its antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, anticoagulant, antitumor, therapeutic and many other properties is being actively continued. Due to the relevance of the development of the principles of O. vulgare micropropagation in vitro and the undeveloped conditions and methods of its cultivation, the aim of this work was to optimize microclonation in vitro of oregano via the activation of auxiliary buds. The research tasks were to test the ability of auxiliary buds to be activated depending on the localization on the donor shoot internodes and to intensify the root formation of cuttings through medium content optimization. The influence of the location of the auxiliary buds on donor shoots on their activation in vitro was studied on such indicators as the length of newly formed shoots, the number of nodules per one newly formed shoot, and the number of newly formed shoots per one bud. In plant microclonal propagation, the stage of root formation is very important for further adaptation in soil. Practical experience has shown that for the effective adaptation of oregano in soil, the length of the root system for cuttings should be 1.5–2.0 cm, the degree of root system development – 4–5 points under shoot length of 3–5 cm. The study of peculiarities of oregano microclonal propagation via activation of auxiliary buds has allowed us to optimize the stage of explant selection for cutting and the formation of cuttings’ roots. It has been established that for optimal length, the number of nodules of the newly formed shoots and the number of newly formed shoots, the first internode, located on the top of a parent shoot, as well as the third to fifth ones are more suitable. For rooting oregano cuttings, the optimal medium on the ratio of length and density of root system and on shoot length is the nutrient one containing half of the macro-, microsalts and vitamins on Murashige-Skoog, 20 g/l sucrose and 0.75 mg/l kinetin.98   Лікарські рослини – важливі об'єкти ботаніки, систематики та географії, а також фізіології, фармакології та біотехнології. Лікарські рослини родини Lamiaceae інтенсивно вивчають у медичних і фармакологічних дослідженнях. До цієї родини відносять лікарську трав’янисту рослину материнку звичайну (Origanum vulgare L.), відому з давніх часів своїми антимікробними та протигрибковими властивостями, здатністю зміцнювати імунну систему людини та поліпшувати загальний стан організму. Нині активно вивчають її антимікробні, протигрибкові, інсектицидні, антикоагулянтні, протипухлинні, терапевтичні властивості та чимало інших. У зв’язку з актуальністю розроблення принципів клонування О. vulgare та нерозробленістю умов і способів її культивування in vitro мета дослідження полягала в оптимізації мікроклонального розмноження материнки через активацію пазушних бруньок. Досліджено вплив розташування пазушних бруньок на донорних пагонах на їх активацію in vitro за такими показниками як довжина новоутворених пагонів, кількість міжвузлів на новоутворений пагін, а також кількість новоутворених пагонів на бруньку. У мікроклональному розмноженні рослин стадія коренеутворення важлива для подальшої адаптації у ґрунті. Практичний досвід показав, що для ефективної адаптації материнки у ґрунті довжина кореневої системи живців повинна бути 1,5–2,0 см, ступінь розвитку кореневої системи – 4–5 балів за довжини пагона 3–5 см. Вивчення особливостей мікроклонального розмноження материнки через активацію пазушних бруньок дозволило оптимізувати етапи відбору експлантів для живцювання та утворення коренів у живців. Для оптимізації кількості новоутворених пагонів, їх довжини та кількості міжвузлів доцільне використання першого, розташованого на верхівці донорного пагона, а також третього–п’ятого міжвузлів. Для укорінення живців материнки оптимальне за співвідношенням довжини та щільності кореневої системи, довжини пагонів живильне середовище, яке містить половинну концентрацію мезо-, мікросолей і вітамінів заа Мурасіге – Скугом, 20 г/л сахарози та 0,75 мг/л кінетину

Quality of life of patients with different forms of hemophilia on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region

It is important for public health to monitor and improve the health indicators of the population using the system of patient's quality of life (HRQoL) assessment regardless of the nosology of the disease. The use of HRQoL assessment provides health authorities with a tool for additional analysis of the performance of health services and for making decisions about funding priorities. The definition of HRQoL is one of the decisive factors in the calculation of QALYs because it measures the effectiveness of medical treatment in terms of how much it prolongs and/or improves patients' lives. The aim of the study is to determine the QALYs of hemophilia patients in Nizhny Novgorod region by means of electronic questionnaire using the SF-36 questionnaire. Methods. A validated SF-36 short form questionnaire was used in the study, which was distributed to adult patients with hemophilia A, B and Willebrand's disease of Nizhny Novgorod region together with a short form of informed voluntary consent. Twenty-eight people participated in the questionnaire. Calculation of general and final indicators of the HRQoL was carried out according to the instructions for processing data obtained with the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. The lowest score among all respondents was for GH "General Health Status" with a mean value of 61.00, and the highest score was for PF "Physical Functioning" with a mean value of 81.43. The study revealed that the majority of the surveyed patients were receiving Emicizumab (42.86 %). After comparing the ranges of values of the final indicators of physical (PH) and mental (MN') health in patients with different forms of hemophilia, the highest values of HRQoL indicators are observed in patients with hemophilia B, and the highest range of extreme values — in patients with hemophilia A. Conclusion. Patients with different forms of hemophilia are determined to have satisfactory values of HRQoL indicators, as all the results obtained in the course of the questionnaire are above the average value of the indicators. Mean HRQoL scores in patients receiving emicizumab are at a similar level compared to patients receiving other LPs, and fluctuations in HRQoL scores in these patients are less marked than in the other patients with hemophilia A

Economic analysis of the use of drugs for the treatment of hemophilia A, B and Willebrand's disease

Relevance. Therapy of hemophilia A, B and Willebrand's disease is carried out under the program of 14 VZN due to the use of federal budget funds. The use of funding is increasing in line with the growth of the total number of patients. In 2022,85.99 billion rubles were allocated, which corresponds to a 1.5‑fold increase in funding compared to 2018. The aim of the study was to conduct an economic analysis of the use of drugs for the therapy of hemophilia A, B and Willebrand's disease. Methods. The materials for the analysis were the dosing regimen of LPs selected on the basis of clinical recommendations, the availability of LPs in the 14 VZN program, and the prices for LPs from the State Register of maximum selling prices for VED drugs. Costs of on demand prophylaxis and treatment regimens for hemophilia A, B and Willebrand's disease according to clinical recommendations for each INN for all trade names (TN) were assessed. Results. For hemophilia A the number of submitted drugs by INN is 7;IN — 14; of them domestic drugs were submitted — 1. The minimum cost of LPs for prophylaxis is 2 584 764,00 rubles. Coit-DVI (Grifols Therapeutics LLC, USA), and the maximum cost is RUR 9,955,517.21. Advait (Takeda Manufacturing AG, Austria). Forhemophilia B, the number of represented PL — 2 INN; INN — 6; domestic drugs — 2. The minimum cost is RUR 1,559,376.00. Innonafactor (AO Generium, Russia), maximum — 3 079 319,88 rubles for a year course of prophylaxis LP Immunin (TakedaManufacturing, Austria). To stop bleeding in patients with inhibitor form use anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (Feiba, Austria), which is necessary on average 9100 units per 1 patient, and the average cost of application — 430 863,52 rubles or eptacog alpha(activated) (Coagil-VII, Russia) at multiple administration to the patient 6 times a day — maximum cost — 2 739 803,64 rubles or once a day — 293 550,35 rubles. Conclusion. In the structure of drug supply for patients with hemophilia, domestic drugs are represented by 5 names: Octofactor (JSC "Generium", Russia); Agemfil B (FGBU "NMIC Hematology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Russia) and Innonafactor (JSC "Generium", Russia); ArioSaven (LLC "PSK Pharma", Russia) and Coagil-VII (JSC "SG Biotech", Russia). There are no domestic drugs available for the therapy of Willebrand's disease

Study of Posting Activities of Russian Users on Social Media

Content marketing on social media depends on trends in consumer behaviors. A changing focus and emphasis on audience activities on social media are a key optimization problem in social media marketing (SMM). A solution to this problem lies in a field of ongoing empirical studies of posting frequency. In the review of the literature, authors highlight the role of social media as a promising channel for a direct interaction of companies/brands with consumers. Based on theoretical generalizations, authors present a generation sequence of an SMM content strategy. The article also includes an analysis of posting activities of users from Russia on well-known social media. A cost-benefit analysis of posting activities rests upon some factors: socio-demographic characteristics of users, a content format, time and day of the week parameters, etc. Data come from such sources as aggregated statistics of social media and selective interviewing. An analysis of activities for users from Russia has shown that VKontakte is the most popular platform; Instagram is the second, while Facebook is the third. Odnoklassniki and Twitter are less preferred. VKontakte users respond best to short posts. On Facebook, entries with medium-sized texts have got the highest number of responds. On Instagram, long posts work better. The photo format is a leader in all of the social media. The video format has a middle position, while a text is the most inefficient type of content. There is strong differentiation in response time depending on a target audience. Findings have made it possible to present recommendations for optimization of content marketing