Prison Exit Samples as a Source for Indicators of Pretrial Detention

Many governments, civil society organizations, and international development agencies today seek to limit the use of pretrial detention in criminal justice. Motivations vary. Some believe that pretrial detention is ordered indiscriminately and employed for unreasonably long periods; others are concerned with the conditions of confinement and the burdens detention places on families; still others worry about the criminogenic effects of pretrial incarceration. But whatever the motive to limit the use of pretrial detention, it is difficult to imagine the effort succeeding without a good indicator of the extent of its use. Such an indicator has proven surprisingly elusive in countries at every income level. Indeed, it is possible that the effort to reduce pretrial detention in developing countries may actually be hindered by the indicator most commonly used there: the proportion of prison inmates on any given day that is not sentenced. This paper describes some of the flaws with this and other indicators, and shows how domestic governments and their development partners can use a basic and better indicator—the median duration of detention—as a catalyst for change. This paper demonstrates a simple and inexpensive way of developing this indicator – by obtaining administrative data already collected in most prisons and jails about the people who leave detention each month. Everywhere in the world, some number of detainees "exit" each month: some released to continue awaiting trial at liberty, others released at the end of their cases without a prison sentence, and still others whose pretrial detention has been changed to a sentence of incarceration following a criminal conviction. Virtually every prison and jail in the world records the dates of these "exits" whether they are actual releases or merely the reclassification of a pretrial detainee as a sentenced prisoner. Only these administrative data can generate an accurate measure of the duration of detention

Department of Music Student Symposium Honors Recital

The Department of Music Honors Recital is presented at the Student Symposium to recognize excellent progress in performance, scholarship, and creativity in the area of music lesson study. The students perform selections in solo and chamber music repertoire, and original songs composed in Songwriting class

High throughput quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays revealing over‐expression of cancer testis antigen genes in multiple myeloma stem cell‐like side population cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108270/1/bjh12951.pd

On to Wisteria: Designing an Action-Adventure Role-Playing Game for the Empowerment of the Preteen Female Audience

This thesis document details the design for an original action-adventure role-playing game (AARPG) specifically targeted towards the preteen female audience, ages 10-12, as well as the production of a promotional trailer to communicate the design. This thesis aims to bring this untapped market to an already established video game genre in order to communicate to this young female audience that these games are not “just for boys” by providing a clear example of an empowering and inclusive game that is designed to appeal to their demographic. Given that there are currently no AAA action-adventure RPGs targeted towards this group as well as limited research into the relationship between video games and female youths, a broad net of research is cast in order to design a game that would celebrate this demographic without relying on stereotypes or being too narrow in defining what it means for a girl to be “strong.” Through this work I investigate female gender representation, the current gender biases in the video game medium, and what prevents young females from playing games in order to create a solution that inspires and engages this audience.The complexities of gender development in youths is considered, focusing on how media and other gendered products are marketed towards young audiences and how they can potentially influence their perceived identities. Television shows such as My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic and She-Ra and the Princesses of Power are considered as examples of popular media aimed at the young female market acclaimed for their strong storytelling, themes, diversity, and female characters. It also examines games like Kingdom Hearts, well-known exemplars from this genre aimed at boys of the same age demographic. After breaking down the core components of the AARPG genre itself, this thesis presents a game design following this structure with original characters, story elements, and gameplay features that would especially appeal to the target market. From this design, it develops key moments in an animatic for a trailer designed to excite and capture the feeling of empowerment the game would hope to achieve for this audience if it were fully realized as a production

How to research policing? talk to people who have been arrested. 4 insights from 150 arrested individuals on the role and reform of the police.

Over past months, the Black Lives Matter movement’s denunciation of police violence has been spotlighted in the wake of high-profile police killings of Black men in the United States. Over the past five years, the cities of Cleveland and Baltimore entered “consent decrees” to undertake civil rights improvements in their police forces after Federal Government investigations found evidence of overly aggressive policing. One of the conditions of the decrees in Baltimore and Cleveland was to ask arrested individuals whether any of these changes were noticeable in practice. In 2019, Todd Foglesong and Ron Levi, along with research teams, went to the jails in both Baltimore and Cleveland to speak with arrested individuals

The Layer 0 Inner Silicon Detector of the D0 Experiment

This paper describes the design, fabrication, installation and performance of the new inner layer called Layer 0 (L0) that was inserted in the existing Run IIa Silicon Micro-Strip Tracker (SMT) of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. L0 provides tracking information from two layers of sensors, which are mounted with center lines at a radial distance of 16.1 mm and 17.6 mm respectively from the beam axis. The sensors and readout electronics are mounted on a specially designed and fabricated carbon fiber structure that includes cooling for sensor and readout electronics. The structure has a thin polyimide circuit bonded to it so that the circuit couples electrically to the carbon fiber allowing the support structure to be used both for detector grounding and a low impedance connection between the remotely mounted hybrids and the sensors.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure

Elucidating Psilocin Effects on Interoceptive Circuitry within the Insular Cortex

Psilocybin holds promising therapeutic potential in treating psychiatric disorders. However, despite clinical studies showing psilocybin’s therapeutic action in treating persistent resistant depression and substance use disorder, the cellular mechanisms and brain region-specific effects of psilocybin’s active metabolite, psilocin, remain poorly understood. One brain region of interest is the insular cortex (IC), which serves as an integrative hub for sensory signals from within (interoceptive) and from our environment (exteroceptive), and changes in morphology and connectivity have been linked to several psychiatric disorders. Our study used multilevel approaches to further understand psilocin’s action within the IC. We conducted qualitative analyses on connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and IC, as well as 5-HT2A receptor density within different regions of the IC using a novel transgenic mouse line. We measured c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, within distinct anatomical areas of the IC following acute injection of psilocin. Additionally, we measured calcium dynamic changes in vivo within the left hemisphere of the anterior IC (aIC) using fiber photometry that was paired with aversive air-puff stimuli. We found that the aIC has the densest inputs from the anterior cingulate cortex, highest 5-HT2A expression, and shows reduced c-Fos expression after psilocin administration when compared to other IC subregions. Preliminary analyses of fiber photometry recordings showed that the aIC responded to aversive stimuli and that psilocin exhibits slight anxiolytic effects. Overall, our findings provide insights into the neurobiological mechanisms behind psilocin’s therapeutic effects.Bachelor of Scienc

Research Progress Reports: Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Technology Division, Department of Horticulture [1969]

Blueberry cultivars for frozen pies / J. F. Gallander, W. A. Gould, and H. Stammer -- Grape cultivars for jelly making / J. F. Gallander, W. A. Gould and G. A. Cahoon -- Evaluation of various grape cultivars for processing. III. Table wines / J. F. Gallander -- Evaluation of snap bean cultivars for processing / William Hildebolt and W. A. Gould -- Kraut snacks / J. R. Geisman -- Mechanical harvesting and bulk handling evaluation of tomato cultivars for processing / W. A. Gould, Jonnie Budke, Carol Foglesong and Louise Howiler --The effects of lye peeling variables upon tomato cultivars / Loren Lucas and W. A. Gould -- Amino acids in canned tomato juice / Jenia D. Dormitorio and W. A. Gould -- Factors affecting the viscosity of tomato juice / David E. Crean and W. A. Goul