3,547 research outputs found
Noncooperative algorithms in self-assembly
We show the first non-trivial positive algorithmic results (i.e. programs
whose output is larger than their size), in a model of self-assembly that has
so far resisted many attempts of formal analysis or programming: the planar
non-cooperative variant of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model.
This model has been the center of several open problems and conjectures in
the last fifteen years, and the first fully general results on its
computational power were only proven recently (SODA 2014). These results, as
well as ours, exemplify the intricate connections between computation and
geometry that can occur in self-assembly.
In this model, tiles can stick to an existing assembly as soon as one of
their sides matches the existing assembly. This feature contrasts with the
general cooperative model, where it can be required that tiles match on
\emph{several} of their sides in order to bind.
In order to describe our algorithms, we also introduce a generalization of
regular expressions called Baggins expressions. Finally, we compare this model
to other automata-theoretic models.Comment: A few bug fixes and typo correction
Topological analysis of polymeric melts: Chain length effects and fast-converging estimators for entanglement length
Primitive path analyses of entanglements are performed over a wide range of
chain lengths for both bead spring and atomistic polyethylene polymer melts.
Estimators for the entanglement length N_e which operate on results for a
single chain length N are shown to produce systematic O(1/N) errors. The
mathematical roots of these errors are identified as (a) treating chain ends as
entanglements and (b) neglecting non-Gaussian corrections to chain and
primitive path dimensions. The prefactors for the O(1/N) errors may be large;
in general their magnitude depends both on the polymer model and the method
used to obtain primitive paths. We propose, derive and test new estimators
which eliminate these systematic errors using information obtainable from the
variation of entanglement characteristics with chain length. The new estimators
produce accurate results for N_e from marginally entangled systems. Formulas
based on direct enumeration of entanglements appear to converge faster and are
simpler to apply.Comment: Major revisions. Developed near-ideal estimators which operate on
multiple chain lengths. Now test these on two very different model polymers
Exact Gravity Duals for Simple Quantum Circuits
Holographic complexity proposals have sparked interest in quantifying thecost of state preparation in quantum field theories and its possible dualgravitational manifestations. The most basic ingredient in defining complexityis the notion of a class of circuits that, when acting on a given referencestate, all produce a desired target state. In the present work we build onstudies of circuits performing local conformal transformations in generaltwo-dimensional conformal field theories and construct the exact gravity dualto such circuits. In our approach to holographic complexity, the gravity dualto the optimal circuit is the one that minimizes an externally chosen costassigned to each circuit. Our results provide a basis for studying exactgravity duals to circuit costs from first principles.<br
Universal Formulae for Percolation Thresholds
A power law is postulated for both site and bond percolation thresholds. The
formula writes , where is the space
dimension and the coordination number. All thresholds up to are found to belong to only three universality classes. For first two
classes for site dilution while for bond dilution. The last one
associated to high dimensions is characterized by for both sites and
bonds. Classes are defined by a set of value for . Deviations
from available numerical estimates at are within and
for high dimensional hypercubic expansions at . The
formula is found to be also valid for Ising critical temperatures.Comment: 11 pages, latex, 3 figures not include
Multifractal behavior of linear polymers in disordered media
The scaling behavior of linear polymers in disordered media modelled by
self-avoiding random walks (SAWs) on the backbone of two- and three-dimensional
percolation clusters at their critical concentrations p_c is studied. All
possible SAW configurations of N steps on a single backbone configuration are
enumerated exactly. We find that the moments of order q of the total number of
SAWs obtained by averaging over many backbone configurations display
multifractal behavior, i.e. different moments are dominated by different
subsets of the backbone. This leads to generalized coordination numbers \mu_q
and enhancement exponents \gamma_q, which depend on q. Our numerical results
suggest that the relation \mu_1 = p_ c \mu between the first moment \mu_1 and
its regular lattice counterpart \mu is valid.Comment: 11 pages, 12 postscript figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Sub-millimeter Spectroscopy of Astrophysically Important Molecules and Ions: Metal Hydrides, Halides, and Cyanides
With the advent of SOFIA, Herschel, and SAFIR, new wavelength regions will become routinely accessible for astronomical spectroscopy, particularly at submm frequencies (0.5-1.1 THz). Molecular emission dominates the spectra of dense interstellar gas at these wavelengths. Because heterodyne detectors are major instruments of these missions, accurate knowledge of transition frequencies is crucial for their success. The Ziurys spectroscopy laboratory has been focusing on the measurement of the pure rotational transitions of astrophysically important molecules in the sub-mm regime. Of particular interest have been metal hydride species and their ions, as well as metal halides and cyanides. A new avenue of study has included metal bearing molecular ions
Elasticity near the vulcanization transition
Signatures of the vulcanization transition--amorphous solidification induced
by the random crosslinking of macromolecules--include the random localization
of a fraction of the particles and the emergence of a nonzero static shear
modulus. A semi-microscopic statistical-mechanical theory is presented of the
latter signature that accounts for both thermal fluctuations and quenched
disorder. It is found (i) that the shear modulus grows continuously from zero
at the transition, and does so with the classical exponent, i.e., with the
third power of the excess cross-link density and, quite surprisingly, (ii) that
near the transition the external stresses do not spoil the spherical symmetry
of the localization clouds of the particles.Comment: REVTEX, 5 pages. Minor change
Phase diagram of mixtures of colloids and polymers in the thermal crossover from good to solvent
We determine the phase diagram of mixtures of spherical colloids and neutral
nonadsorbing polymers in the thermal crossover region between the
point and the good-solvent regime. We use the generalized free-volume theory
(GFVT), which turns out to be quite accurate as long as
( is the radius of gyration of the polymer and is the colloid
radius). Close to the point the phase diagram is not very sensitive to
solvent quality, while, close to the good-solvent region, changes of the
solvent quality modify significantly the position of the critical point and of
the binodals. We also analyze the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of
charged colloids and polymers, using the extension of GFVT proposed by Fortini
et al., J. Chem. Phys. 128, 024904 (2008)
Unexpected relaxation dynamics of a self-avoiding polymer in cylindrical confinement
We report extensive simulations of the relaxation dynamics of a self-avoiding
polymer confined inside a cylindrical pore. In particular, we concentrate on
examining how confinement influences the scaling behavior of the global
relaxation time of the chain, t, with the chain length N and pore diameter D.
An earlier scaling analysis based on the de Gennes blob picture led to t ~
N^2D^(1/3). Our numerical effort that combines molecular dynamics and Monte
Carlo simulations, however, consistently produces different t-results for N up
to 2000. We argue that the previous scaling prediction is only asymptotically
valid in the limit N >> D^(5/3) >> 1, which is currently inaccessible to
computer simulations and, more interestingly, is also difficult to reach in
experiments. Our results are thus relevant for the interpretation of recent
experiments with DNA in nano- and micro-channels.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
- …