Methods used to determine the zeta potential of colloids in wastewater

Water is the vital element in the daily life of man and the value of his treatment is to look for the sustainability of the planet and to preserve human life. The study is descriptive and comparative. The objective was to propose the most appropriate method for the zeta potential determination of colloids in wastewater. The operational procedure requires the knowledge of more related parameters, which implies greater analysis and therefore greater economic investment. The methods described are: Electrophoresis, Electroosmosis, Flow potential and sedimentation potential. Of the four methods for the determination of zeta potential in wastewater it is concluded that the electrophoresis method is the most used until now, which is used in different areas in greater or lesser scale, as in the application of solutions with different types of pollutant, unlike the other methods mentioned above. The electrophoresis has varied designs in such a way that it can be built manually and be applicable from small experiments with more accessible and easy-to-get materials, allowing to vary the construction investment of the equipment according to the scale of the work in which it is to be applied this method

Reduction of hospital wastewater through ozone-air micro-nanobubbles

The reduction of the organic matter concentration of hospital wastewater is expressed in BOD5 and COD. The treatment was developed using a micro-nanobubble generator with continuous system. Micro-nanobubbles of 0.024μm average diameter were obtained. For the treatment, two samples were taken; Sample 1 (at 8:00 a.m.) and show 2 (at 11:00 a.m.). After applying the treatment with ozone-air micro-nanobubbles, it was possible to reduce the initial concentrations of sample 1: BOD5 from 132mg/L to 14mg/L, COD from 374mg/L to 30mg/L and from sample 2: BOD5 from 127mg/L to 21mg/L and COD from 297mg/L to 36mg/L. The efficiency obtained at 15 minutes of sample 1 of BOD5 was 90.2% and of COD was 92.51% and of sample 2 of BOD5 was 83.5% and of COD was 87.9%

Reduction of Salinity from sea water using air micronanobubbles and graphene in laboratory scale

The objective of the research was to reduce the salinity of the waters of San Pedro, Lurín, Peru. The proposed method was a pre-treatment with Micro-Nanobubbles (MNBs) of air at different times and a post-treatment with graphene at different concentrations, this was called Grafenano. The first stage was to first pass the samples collected by the MNBs generator, which allowed to reduce the physical and chemical parameters; The second stage consisted of filtering the water treated with MNBs using graphene in three proportions 5 g, 10 g and 15 g, which allowed to reduce the concentration of dissolved salts. The salinity of the seawater was determined as well as the physical-chemical parameters before and after the treatment. The air micronabubbles and graphene were characterized. The results obtained were: removal of Turbidity in 96% (from 27.57 NTU to 1.06 NTU), conductivity in 65% (from 49.01 mS/cm to 17.04 mS/cm), of BOD5 in 70% (from 2.42 mg/L to 0.72 mg/L) and a salt removal of 47% (from 34.46 g/L to 18.41 g/L)

Application of air nanobubbles in washing sewage of a Soft drink bottling plant [Aplicación de nanoburbujas de aire en aguas residuales de lavado de una Embotelladora de Bebidas Carbonatadas]

The research’s purpose was to apply air nanobubbles in washing sewage of a soft drink bottling plant. The methodology used was pre-experimental and applied. The air nanobubbles were applied in the 3 samples of 20 liters of washing sewage of a Soft drink bottling plant, from which 2 samples were extracted: one at 45 minutes and another at 90 minutes after starting treatment. The results showed that air nanobubbles reduced the concentration of: conductivity by 8.4% (from 2500 mS/cm to 2290 mS/cm), turbidity by 71.97% (from 152 NTU to 42.6 NTU), BOD5 by 99.89% (from 1892.7 mg/L to 1.9 mg/L) and COD in 99.13% (from 3681 mg/L to 32 mg/L)

Reduction of metals in production plant's effluents by applying air Micro-Nanobubbles in a factory of Lead Acid Batteries of the district of Puente Piedra, Lima

The Lima city has industrial areas that generate many industrial effluents that affect the public health and environment. The problem studied in a factory of Lead Acid Batteries located in Puente Piedra, Lima is, that it generates and discharges acidic wastewater (pH = 1.52). The research was experimental, at the laboratory level, to apply the treatment with Micro-Nanobubbles of air to these industrial waters, which contain metals such as Aluminum (14.967 mg / L) and Lead (4.227 mg / L), strongly acidic (pH 0.55). Then the pH was adjusted into two samples with Sodium Hydroxide 1 M until obtain acid (6.01) and basic (8.92) pH media in order to apply the Micro-Nanobubbles ( MNBs) into these samples. Micro-Nanobubbles were then generated by a device for Micro-Nanobubbles generation patented by PhD. Jhonny Valverde Flores. The air pressure was 90 PSI, the size of the MNB was 7 μm, the water flow was 4.67 L / min. Three samples (S1, S2, and S3) were dosed in 1 L each one. The volume ratio of water effluent / water with MNBs for S1 was 3/7, for S2 was 6/4 and for S3 was 7/3. The treatment lasted 8 minutes and as results of the research after applying MNBs, the Aluminum’s concentration in S1 decreased to 1,176 mg / L, in S2 decreased to 1,421 mg / L and in S3 decreased to 11,996 mg / L, achieving an efficiency of 92.14 %, 90.51% and 19.85%, respectively; And the Lead's concentration in S1 decreased to 0.264 mg / L, in S2 decreased to 0.065 mg/L and in S3 decreased to 0.116 mg / L, achieving an efficiency of 93.75%, 98.46% and 97.26%, respectively

Efficiency Of Micro-Nanobubbles for Wastewater Treatment in Puerto Bermúdez, Oxapampa, Pasco

In our country, the wastewater discharges affect to water bodies, public health and as well as different ecosystems without any kind of treatment. For this reason, a different and effective treatment is proposed for the minimization of total coliforms present in the wastewater from Puerto Bermudez, Oxapampa, Peru with the generation of air micro-nanobubbles. The degree of contamination shown in the different physico-chemical and biological parameters was determined; as well as their impact’s minimization to obtain a better quality of life.The research was experimental, the assembly of the air micro-nanobubbles generator was done to get treatment by dosage. The analysis were carried out to determine the degree of contamination and thus treat them with air micro-nanobubbles in different quantities and thus have the best result. The results of the treatment with air micro-nanobubbles were favorable.  The efficiency achieved was 66.21%

Reduction of Chemical Demand of Oxygen and Organic Material from water contaminated with Amoxicillin through application of Air Micro-Nanobubbles

Amoxicillin is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia; bronchitis; gonorrhea; and infections of the ears, nose, throat, urinary tract and skin. The purpose of this research was to reduce the concentration of chemical demand of oxygen and organic material from water contaminated with amoxicillin at the laboratory level through the application of air micro-nanobubbles. The method used was pre-experimental. Three samples were elaborated with 3 different concentrations of amoxicillin per liter within deionized water. Amoxicillin concentrations were 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L and 2.5 g/L. Three treatments were done in the periods of 15 minutes (T1), 30 minutes (T2) and 45 minutes (T3).The elaborated samples had COD initial concentrations of 508.6 mg/L (S1), 711.8 mg/L (S2) y 1582.6 mg/L (S3) and organic matter initial concentrations of 531.7 mg/L O2 (S1), 703.4 mg/L O2 (S2) y 752.6 mg/L O2 (S3), which are considered by their concentrations as contaminated samples. Results of reduction were obtained to COD 6.9% (S1), 56.3% (S2), 68.6% (S3) and to organic matter 65.8% (S1), 55.7% (S2), 40.9% (S3) after the treatments. Therefore it was demonstrated that the micro-nano bubbles reduce the COD and organic matter in water