La violence de masse via les autoportraits d'Otto Dix en soldat (1914-1947)

En voulant utiliser l’art pour parler d’histoire, nous avons choisi la peinture d’Otto Dix en raison de son étrangeté et de la variété des styles employés. Nous avons sélectionné quelques autoportraits emblématiques de son travail pour préparer une séance en classe de 3e « prépa-pro » afin de sensibiliser les élèves à ce qu’implique une guerre dite totale sur les soldats et les civils concernés

Social Context Effects in the Stroop Task: When Knowledge of One’s Relative Standing Makes a Difference

Cet article s’inscrit dans le prolongement d’une série de recherches faisant apparaître la comparaison sociale comme un puissant régulateur de l’effet Stroop. Les résultats de deux études expérimentales montrent que cet effet est réduit dès lors que le sujet est confronté à une comparaison qui lui est défavorable, cela même en l’absence d’instructions compétitives et des personnes impliquées dans cette comparaison au moment de l’activité cible. Ces nouveaux résultats montrent que des informations en rapport à soi issues de l’environnement social peuvent influencer des phénomènes cognitifs encore typiquement étudiés en dehors de la psychologie sociale.This paper expands on prior research demonstrating the power of social comparison in Stroop’s paradigm. In two experiments, it is shown that the Stroop effect is reduced whenever the subject is threatened by social comparison, even in the lack of competitive instructions and comparison others during the Stroop session. These new findings show that self-related information arising from the social world can influence cognitive phenomena which are yet typically examined outside social psychology

Entre terre et eau : le Médoc à l’âge du Fer

International audienc

Postcardiac arrest syndrome: from immediate resuscitation to long-term outcome

The prognosis for postcardiac arrest patients remains very bleak, not only because of anoxic-ischemic neurological damage, but also because of the "postcardiac arrest syndrome," a phenomenon often severe enough to cause death before any neurological evaluation. This syndrome includes all clinical and biological manifestations related to the phenomenon of global ischemia-reperfusion triggered by cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation. The main component of the postcardiac arrest syndrome is an early but severe cardiocirculatory dysfunction that may lead to multiple organ failure and death

Two-Year Outcome of Aflibercept in Patients with Pigment Epithelial Detachment due to Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) Refractory to Ranibizumab

Purpose. To evaluate the response of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in eyes with detachment of retinal pigment epithelium (DEP) secondary to nAMD refractory to monthly ranibizumab. Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective, multicenter study. All patients received 3 IAI then treated as needed every 4 weeks for 12 months. During the second year, the eyes were treated with a treat- and-extend regimen. Results. Forty-four eyes were included. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly after the loading phase (3.1 ± 6.4 letters) and at 6 months (2.8 ± 6.4 letters), but change was not significant at 1 year and 2 years. The height of the DEP was significantly decreased at 3 months and 6 months, but the difference did not reach statistical difference at 1 and 2 years. Rate of eyes with complete resolution of exudation was 59% after the loading phase and 34.3% at 2 years. Mean interval of anti-VEGF injection was extended from 31 ± 2.6 days to 61 ± 5 days after conversion. Conclusions. Aflibercept intravitreal injection in patients with fibrovascular DEP due to nAMD who respond poorly to monthly ranibizumab led to short-term functional and anatomical improvement. Reduction of intravitreal injection frequency was obtained until 2 years of follow-up

Delayed awakening after cardiac arrest: prevalence and risk factors in the Parisian registry

PURPOSE: Although prolonged unconsciousness after cardiac arrest (CA) is a sign of poor neurological outcome, limited evidence shows that a late recovery may occur in a minority of patients. We investigated the prevalence and the predictive factors of delayed awakening in comatose CA survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the Parisian Region Out-of-Hospital CA Registry (2008-2013). In adult comatose CA survivors treated with TTM, sedated with midazolam and fentanyl, time to awakening was measured starting from discontinuation of sedation at the end of rewarming. Awakening was defined as delayed when it occurred after more than 48 h. RESULTS: A total of 326 patients (71 % male, mean age 59 ± 16 years) were included, among whom 194 awoke. Delayed awakening occurred in 56/194 (29 %) patients, at a median time of 93 h (IQR 70-117) from discontinuation of sedation. In 5/56 (9 %) late awakeners, pupillary reflex and motor response were both absent 48 h after sedation discontinuation. In multivariate analysis, age over 59 years (OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.0-4.3), post-resuscitation shock (OR 2.6 [1.3-5.2]), and renal insufficiency at admission (OR 3.1 [1.4-6.8]) were associated with significantly higher rates of delayed awakening. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed awakening is common among patients recovering from coma after CA. Renal insufficiency, older age, and post-resuscitation shock were independent predictors of delayed awakening. Presence of unfavorable neurological signs at 48 h after rewarming from TTM and discontinuation of sedation did not rule out recovery of consciousness in late awakeners

Données récentes sur l’occupation humaine dans les Alpes méridionales durant l’Antiquité

Parmi les nombreux travaux portant sur l’occupation du milieu alpin, très peu concernent la période antique. Les recherches, souvent anciennes, se sont focalisées sur des questions telles que les grandes voies transalpines, l’organisation administrative des régions alpines ou le développement urbain. L’occupation de ces régions était principalement appréhendée à travers quelques découvertes ou des fouilles anciennes, principalement dans les fonds de vallées des Alpes du Nord. Le développement de l’archéologie préventive a permis d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances dans les zones basses mais ce sont surtout les recherches entreprises, depuis une dizaine d’années dans les Alpes méridionales, qui ont fait progresser les connaissances sur le peuplement de la montagne, en appréhendant ce milieu dans son ensemble, depuis les vallées jusqu’à la haute montagne.Amongst the many research projects dealing with the occupation of alpine landscapes, very few directly deal with the Roman period. Older research projects often emphasised the study of the major trans-Alpine routes, or the administrative organisation of the urban zones in the Alps. The settlement of these regions was primarily based on data from earlier excavations, mainly from the valley bottoms of the northernAlps. Rescue (or salvage) archaeology has enhanced our knowledge of lowland alpine archaeology, but it is the research undertaken during the past decade in the Southern Alps that increased our understanding of mountain populations covering all altitudes from valley bottoms to the high altitudes

Predictive toxicology using systemic biology and liver microfluidic "on chip" approaches: Application to acetaminophen injury

International audienceWe have analyzed transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiles of hepatoma cells cultivated inside a microfluidic biochip with or without acetaminophen (APAP). Without APAP, the results show an adaptive cellular response to the microfluidic environment, leading to the induction of anti-oxidative stress and cytoprotective pathways. In presence of APAP, calcium homeostasis perturbation, lipid peroxidation and cell death are observed. These effects can be attributed to APAP metabolism into its highly reactive metabolite. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). That toxicity pathway was confirmed by the detection of GSH-APAP, the large production of 2-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, and methionine, cystine, and histidine consumption in the treated biochips. Those metabolites have been reported as specific biomarkers of hepatotoxicity and glutathione depletion in the literature. In addition, the integration of the metabolomic, transcriptomic and proteomic collected profiles allowed a more complete reconstruction of the APAP injury pathways. To our knowledge, this work is the first example of a global integration of microfluidic biochip data in toxicity assessment. Our results demonstrate the potential of that new approach to predictive toxicology