Entre savoir et fantasme : le corps et ses énigmes

Objet d’étude et source de fascination, le corps alimente des savoirs et un imaginaire protéiformes visant à l’élucider, le discipliner ou à en déployer le pouvoir sensuel et érotique : qu’il s’agisse de philosophes, médecins et ecclésiastiques soucieux de brider le corps – notamment le corps féminin – et de combattre les éléments corrupteurs qui y sont associés, ou bien d’écrivains et d’artistes se livrant à des dérives herméneutiques motivées par la passion amoureuse ou des fantasmes libertins, le corps devient l’enjeu de tentatives de déchiffrement multiples. À l’appui de cas d’étude allant du dix-septième au dix-neuvième siècle, les articles réunis dans ce numéro explorent, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, les défis, paradoxes et difficultés que soulève la lecture du corps, défis à la mesure des énigmes dont il est porteur

Perirenal fat thickness measured with computed tomography is a reliable estimate of perirenal fat mass

<div><p>Deposition of perirenal adipose tissue has been associated with adverse renal and cardiovascular events. We compared various methods to measure perirenal adipose tissue using computerized tomography (CT)-scan and performed correlations with anthropometric measures associated with renal and cardiovascular events. Voluntary overweight and obese subjects undergoing a CT-scan for diagnostic purposes were included in the study. Perirenal adipose tissue volume, adipose tissue area of the renal sinus and perirenal fat thickness were manually measured bilaterally. The intra- and inter-observer coefficient correlations and the correlation between the diverse measures of renal adipose tissue, subcutaneous (SC-)fat and anthropometrics measures were analyzed using Pearson's correlation tests. The forty included patients (24 men, 16 women) had a mean age of 57.6 ± 18.1 years and a mean body mass index of 28.9 ± 2.9 kg/m². Despite comparable waist circumference, women had a greater SC-fat thickness compared to men, and therefore a smaller amount of visceral fat, as well as smaller perirenal fat volumes. Perirenal fat thickness was better correlated with perirenal fat volume than adipose area of the renal sinus (<i>p</i> <0.02). The adipose area of the renal sinus did not correlate with any anthropometric measures. In women, perirenal fat volume and thickness showed a negative correlation with SC-fat thickness and no correlation with waist circumference. In men, perirenal fat volume and thickness showed a positive correlation with waist circumference and no correlation with subcutaneous fat thickness. In conclusion, perirenal fat thickness measured with CT-scan at the level of the renal veins is a simple and reliable estimate of perirenal fat volume, that correlated negatively with SC-fat in women and positively with waist circumference in men. The adipose area of the renal sinus did not correlate with any anthropometric measure.</p></div

Main parameters.

<p>Main parameters.</p

Correlations between volume of perirenal fat and area of sinus fat.

<p>Perirenal <b>fat</b> volume was positively correlated with <b>fat</b> area of the renal sinus in the whole population. Data are from both genders and from the right side of the body. Pearson's correlation test was performed.</p

Inter- and intra-observer correlation coefficients.

<p>Inter- and intra-observer correlation coefficients.</p

Correlations between perirenal fat volume and extra-renal fat deposits in both genders.

<p>Correlations between perirenal fat volume and extra-renal fat deposits in both genders.</p

Correlations between volume and thickness of perirenal fat.

<p>Perirenal fat thickness was highly and positively correlated with perirenal <b>fat</b> volume. Data are from both genders and from the right side of the body. Pearson's correlation test was performed.</p

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed