2,244 research outputs found
Aspects of Optimal Unemployment Insurance: Search, Leisure and Capital Market Imperfections
The object of this paper is to examine the importance of capital market assumptions. A special continuous-time model is developed in sections II-IV which is applicable to the perfect capital market case. It can also be used when there is no capital market at all (section IV). For 'reasonable' parameter values the optimal replacement rate (ratio of benefits to gross wage) appears to be less than 20% when capital markets are perfect but over 70% when they are non existent (i.e. no saving or dis-saving).
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Skrifter om Grundtvig udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabe
Wear Mechanisms of Hydrogenated DLC in Oils Containing MoDTC
Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coatings are well known for offering excellent tribological properties. They have been shown to offer low friction and outstanding wear performance in both dry and lubricated conditions. Application of these coatings for automotive components is considered as a promising strategy to cope with the emerging requirements regarding fuel economy and durability. Commercially available oils are generally optimised to work on conventional ferrous surfaces and are not necessarily effective in lubricating non-ferrous surfaces. Recently, the adverse effect of the Molybdenum DialkyldithioCarbamate (MoDTC) friction modifier additive on the wear performance of the hydrogenated DLC has been reported. However, the mechanisms by which MoDTC imposes this high wear to DLC are not yet well understood. A better understanding of DLC wear may potentially lead to better compatibility between DLC surfaces and current additive technology being achieved. In this work, the wear properties of DLC coatings in the DLC/cast iron (CI) system under boundary lubrication conditions have been investigated to try to understand what appears to be a tribocorrosion-type process. A pin-on-plate tribotester was used to run the experiments using High Speed Steel (HSS) plates coated with 15 at.% hydrogenated DLC (a-C:15H) sliding against CI pins or ceramic balls. The lubricants used in this study are typical examples of the same fully formulated oil with and without ZDDP. The friction and wear responses of the fully formulated oils are discussed in detail. Furthermore, Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the wear scar and propose wear mechanisms. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on the tribofilms to understand the tribochemical interactions between oil additives and the DLC coating. Nano-indentation analysis was conducted to assess potential structural modifications of the DLC coating. Coating hardness data could provide a better insight into the wear mode and failure mechanism of such hard coatings. Given the obtained results, the wear behaviour of the hydrogenated DLC coating was found to depend not only on the presence of ZDDP in the oil formulation but also on the counterpart type. This study revealed that the steel counterpart is a critical component of the tribocouple leading to MoDTC-induced wear of the hydrogenated DLC
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Skrifter om Grundtvig udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabe
UTILIZAÇÃO DO HALQUINOL COMO PROMOTOR DE CRESCIMENTO E COADJUVANTE NO CONTROLE DA COCCIDIOSE EM FRANGOS DE CORTE
O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a influência da utilização do
halquinol (uma mistura de 5,7-dicloro-8-quinolinol, 5-cloro-8 quinolinol e 7-cloro-8-quinolinol)
como promotor de crescimento, bem como sua possível ação no controle da coccidiose, em
frangos de corte. Foram analisados parâmetros como ganho de peso, conversão alimentar,
viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva. Foram constituídos 6 tratamentos, num total de
2880 aves criadas em piso, com diferentes níveis da droga na ração. Observou-se que a
utilização do halquinol como promotor de crescimento não alterou significativamente
(P>0.05) o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade das aves. A associação do
halquinol a outros promotores de crescimento também não influenciou positivamente
(P>0.05) os parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. No segundo estudo, num experimento em
gaiolas procurou-se avaliar a ação do halquinol no controle da coccidiose, comparando-se a
ação de 30 g/ton do produto associado ou não ao coccidiostático maduramicina frente à
inoculação de diferentes Eimerias. Foram utilizadas 40 aves criadas em gaiolas que
receberam um inoculo misto de E.tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima, sendo então realizado
escore de lesões. Como resultado observou-se que a utilização do halquinol potencializa a
ação da maduramicina no controle da E. acervulina, não apresentando entretanto qualquer
efeito no controle da E. máxima e E.tenella.
Utilization of halquinol as a growth promoter and coadjuvanto
on coccidiosis control in broilers
Abstract
The main purpose of this stud was to invetigate the clorade-8-hidroxiquinolim
(halquinol) drug influence as a promoter of growth, as well as it´s possible action in the
coccidiosis control in chicken for human consumption. Some parameters have been analised
such as weight gain, food conversion ,viability and produtive efficiency index. Six treatments
were undertaken, on a total of 2880 birds raised on flat surface with different levels of drug in
then feed .It was noted that the utilization of halquinol as a promoter of growth didn´t alter
significantly (P>0.05) the weight gain, the feed conversion and the viability of the birds. The
addition of halquinol to other growth promoters also didn´t influence positively (P>0.05) the
evalueted zootechnical parameters. In the second study, during a bird cage experiment there
was no attempt to evaluate the halquinol action in the control of coccidiosis by comparing the
of 30 g/ton of clorade-8-hidroxiquinolin (halquinol) associade or not with maduramicine
coccidiostatic during the Eimerias innoculation. There were utilize 40 cages raised birds
wich received a mixed E. tennela, E. acervulina e E. maxima inoculum, and was performed
a lesion count. As a result it was observed that the utilization of halquinol potencializes the
maduramicine action in the control of E. acervulina; however no showing any effect in the
control of E.maxima and E. tenella
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Magneto-optical Trapping of Cadmium
We report the laser-cooling and confinement of Cd atoms in a magneto-optical
trap, and characterize the loading process from the background Cd vapor. The
trapping laser drives the 1S0-1P1 transition at 229 nm in this two-electron
atom and also photoionizes atoms directly from the 1P1 state. This
photoionization overwhelms the other loss mechanisms and allows a direct
measurement of the photoionization cross section, which we measure to be
2(1)x10^(-16)cm^(2) from the 1P1 state. When combined with nearby laser-cooled
and trapped Cd^(+) ions, this apparatus could facilitate studies in ultracold
interactions between atoms and ions.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Reconstitution of the complete pathway of ITS2 processing at the pre-ribosome
Removal of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from pre-ribosomal RNA is essential to make functional ribosomes. This complicated processing reaction begins with a single endonucleolytic cleavage followed by exonucleolytic trimming at both new cleavage sites to generate mature 5.8S and 25S rRNA. We reconstituted the 7S -> 5.8S processing branch within ITS2 using purified exosome and its nuclear cofactors. We find that both Rrp44's ribonuclease activities are required for initial RNA shortening followed by hand over to the exonuclease Rrp6. During the in vitro reaction, ITS2-associated factors dissociate and the underlying 'foot' structure of the pre-60S particle is dismantled. 7S pre-rRNA processing is independent of 5S RNP rotation, but 26S -> 25S trimming is a precondition for subsequent 7S -> 5.8S processing. To complete the in vitro assay, we reconstituted the entire cycle of ITS2 removal with a total of 18 purified factors, catalysed by the integrated activities of the two participating RNA-processing machines, the Las1 complex and nuclear exosome
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