Lições, deveres, tarefas, para casa : velhas e novas prescrições para professoras

Orientador: Corinta Maria Grisolia GeraldiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoMestrad

Democracy and participatory institutional designs in urban politics: a study of the contemporary Brazilian experience

El artículo analiza las instituciones participativas creadas en Brasil a nivel local a lo largo de las últimas décadas, específicamente en el ámbito de las políticas urbanas. Al inicio, evocamos los fundamentos normativos asociados a la democracia y a las instituciones participativas y abordamos el papel de los diseños institucionales, sus variaciones y potenciales de radicalización democrática. En un segundo momento, contextualizamos las políticas urbanas, señalando las nuevas referencias legales que requieren la participación y que encuadran el enfoque y el diseño de las instituciones. Finalmente, analizamos elementos clave de los diseños participativos, comparando consejos, conferencias, presupuestos participativos y participación en los planes maestros, problematizando sus alcances y potenciales democratizadores.This article provides an analysis of participatory institutions created in the local context during recent decades in Brazil in the context of urban politics. First, it describes the fundamental norms associated with democracy and participatory institutions and approach the role of institutional designs, their variations and potential for democratic radicalization. Then, urban politics are contextualized, pointing out the new legal frameworks that require participation and focusing on the design of institutions in this respect. Next, the article analyze key elements in participatory designs, comparing councils, conferences, participatory budgets and participation in master plans, questioning their reach and potential for democratization

Management of Road Infrastructure Safety

Road Infrastructure Safety Management (RISM) refers to a set of procedures that support a road authority in decision making related to the improvement of safety on a road network. Some of these procedures can be applied to existing infrastructure, thus enabling a reactive approach; and other procedures are used in early stages of a project's life-cycle allowing a proactive approach. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most well-known procedures and present a series of recommendations for successful road infrastructure safety management. The work described in the paper was completed by the IRTAD sub-working group on Road Infrastructure Safety Management and presented in detail in the respective Report. The methodology followed on this purpose included the description of the most consolidated RISM procedures, the analysis of the use of RISM procedures worldwide and the identification of possible weaknesses and barriers to their implementation, the provision of good practice examples and the contribution to the scientific assessment of procedures. Specifically, the following RISM procedures were considered: Road Safety Impact Assessment (RIA), Efficiency Assessment Tools (EAT), Road Safety Audit (RSA), Network Operation (NO), Road Infrastructure Safety Performance Indicators (SPI), Network Safety Ranking (NSR), Road Assessment Programs (RAP), Road Safety Inspection (RSI), High Risk Sites (HRS) and In-depth Investigation. Each procedure was described along with tools and data needed for its implementation as well as relevant common practices worldwide. A synthesis summarizing the key information for each procedure was also drafted. Based on a survey on 23 IRTAD member countries from worldwide, the lack of resources or tools is the most commonly stated reason for not applying a RISM procedure. This has been frequently found mainly in European countries. Another common reason is the absence of recommendations/guidelines, especially for SPI, RAP, RSI and RSA. This highlights the importance of the presence of some legislation regulating the application of the procedures. Lack of data was found important mainly for SPI, HRS and EAT. Good practices of road infrastructure safety management have been explored in order to find solutions to the issues highlighted by the survey and provide examples about how these issues have been overcome in some countries. Specifically, issues related to data, legal framework, funding, knowledge, tools and dealing with more RISM procedures were addressed. Finally, nine key messages and six recommendations for better Road Infrastructure Safety Management were developed based on the conclusions made

Odabir plijesni Aspergillus fumigatus za proizvodnju prebiotičkih ksilooligosaharida na podlozi od šećerne trske

Sugarcane bagasse is an important lignocellulosic material studied for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Some XOS are considered soluble dietary fibre, with low caloric value and prebiotic effect, but they are expensive and not easily available. In a screening of 138 fungi, only nine were shortlisted, and just Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35.6 U/mL) and A. fumigatus U2370 (28.5 U/mL) were selected as the most significant producers of xylanases. These fungi had low β-xylosidase activity, which is desirable for the production of XOS. The xylanases from Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768, A. fumigatus M51 and A. fumigatus U2370 gave a significantly higher XOS yield, 11.9, 14.7 and 7.9 % respectively, in a 3-hour reaction with hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. These enzymes are relatively thermostable at 40–50 °C and can be used in a wide range of pH values. Furthermore, these xylanases produced more prebiotic XOS (xylobiose and xylotriose) when compared with a commercial xylanase. The xylanases from A. fumigatus M51 reached a high level of XOS production (37.6 %) in 48–72 h using hemicellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. This yield represents 68.8 kg of prebiotic XOS per metric tonne of cane bagasse. In addition, in a biorefinery, after hemicellulose extraction for XOS production, the residual cellulose could be used for the production of second-generation ethanol.Šećerna trska je važan lignocelulozni materijal koji se koristi za ispitivanje proizvodnje ksilooligosaharida. Neki se ksilooligosaharidi upotrebljavaju u prehrani kao topljiva vlakna niske kalorijske vrijednosti s prebiotičkim učinkom, ali su skupi i teško dostupni. Od 138 plijesni u uži je izbor ušlo samo njih devet, od kojih su odabrana samo dva soja što su proizvela najviše ksilanaza, i to Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35,6 U/mL) i A. fumigatus U2370 (28,5 u/mL). Aktivnost β-ksilozidaze u tim sojevima bila je vrlo slaba, što je pogodovalo nastanku ksilooligosaharida. Djelovanjem ksilanaza su nakon tri sata iz šećerne trske razgradnjom hemiceluloze dobivene veće količine ksilooligosaharida, i to 11,9 % s pomoću plijesni Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768; 14,7 % s pomoću A. fumigatus M51 i 7,9 % s pomoću A. fumigatus U2370. Ti su enzimi relativno termostabilni na temperaturama od 40 do 50 °C, a mogu se koristiti pri različitim pH-vrijednostima. Osim toga, u usporedbi s komercijalnom ksilanazom, ove su ksilanaze proizvele više prebiotičkih ksilooligosaharida (ksilobioze i ksilotrioze). Razgradnjom hemiceluloze izolirane iz šećerne trske pomoću ksilanaze iz plijesni A. fumigatus M51 dobivena je znatna količina (37,6 %) ksilooligosaharida nakon 48-72 sata hidrolize, što odgovara prinosu od 68,8 kg prebiotičkih ksilooligosaharida po toni šećerne trske. Osim toga, nakon izdvajanja hemiceluloze za proizvodnju ksilooligosaharida, preostali dio celuloze može se upotrijebiti u rafineriji za proizvodnju druge generacije biogoriva

Características sociodemográficas e qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica que residem na zona rural: importância do papel do enfermeiro

OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-demographic characteristics and quality of life of elderly patients with systemic arterial hypertension; to correlate the quality of life with the time of diagnosis and number of medication, as well as to compare the quality of life with the type of medication. METHOD: In this cross sectional home survey design, 460 elderly people from rural areas were involved. The data was collected with the use of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref and World Health Organization Quality of Life Olders. A descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and t-Student test (pOBJETIVO: Describir as características sociodemográficas y la calidad de vida de ancianos con hipertensión arterial sistémica; correlacionar la calidad de vida con el tiempo de diagnóstico y con el número de medicamentos y comparar la calidad de vida con el tipo de medicamento. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio del tipo encuesta domiciliar, transversal, desarrollado con 460 ancianos de la zona rural. Fueron recolectados datos mediante los instrumentos: World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref y World Health Organization Quality of Life Olders. Fueron aplicados análisis descriptivo, correlación de Pearson y test t-Student (pOBJETIVO: descrever as características sociodemográficas e a qualidade de vida dos idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica, correlacionar a qualidade de vida com o tempo de diagnóstico e com o número de medicamentos e comparar a qualidade de vida com tipo de medicamento. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo do tipo inquérito domiciliar, transversal, realizado com 460 idosos da zona rural. Coletaram-se os dados por meio dos instrumentos: World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref e World Health Organization Quality of Life Olders. Realizaram-se análise descritiva, correlação de Pearson e teste t de Student (

Frequency of Wra antigen and anti-Wra in Brazilian blood donors

AbstractBackgroundWra is a low-incidence antigen, which is antithetical to the high prevalence red blood cell antigen, Wrb. Anti-Wra is a naturally occurring antibody that is found in approximately 1–2% of blood donors. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Wra and anti-Wra in Brazilian blood donors.MethodsA total of 1662 Brazilian blood donors were molecularly analyzed using the SNaPshot methodology to determine the WR*A/B alleles and to predict the frequency of the Wra antigen. To detect the anti-Wra, samples from 1049 blood donors were analyzed using a gel test with Wr(a+) red blood cells. The serum was treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) to determine the immunoglobulin classes. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-G isotype classification was performed in a gel test using the IgG1/IgG3 card. A monocyte monolayer assay was employed to predict the clinical significance of IgG anti-Wra.ResultsOf the 1662 donors, only one sample had the DI*02.03 allele in heterozygous predicting the Wr(a+b+) phenotype. Anti-Wra was detected in 34 (3.24%) samples, 64.7% in females and 35.3% in males. Regarding the immunoglobulin class, eight (23.5%) cases of anti-Wra were classified as IgG and 26 (76.5%) as IgM. Of the eight cases of IgG anti-Wra, four were IgG1, two were IgG3 and three anti-Wra were not IgG3 or IgG1, and thus probably IgG2 or IgG4. The results of the monocyte monolayer assay showed that IgG anti-Wra might be of clinical significance.ConclusionThis study shows a very low frequency (0.06%) of the Wra antigen in Brazilian blood donors. Additionally, it shows that the frequency of anti-Wra in this population is higher than previously reported

Fritz Müller, o naturalista darwinista do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro

Fritz Müller (1822-1897), naturalista alemão residente no Brasil do século XIX, contribuiu com as ciências biológicas com mais de 264 artigos científicos. Foi naturalista viajante do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro por quinze anos (1876-1891), período em que publicou treze artigos no periódico da Instituição. Este trabalho analisa o período em que Müller foi naturalista do Museu, e em particular, sua amizade com Charles Darwin (1809-1882); visto que, de um simples correspondente e coadjuvante defensor das ideias darwinianas, Müller pode ser compreendido como um pesquisador que, em parceria com Darwin e em diálogo frequente com o estudioso inglês, contribuiu para estabelecer o conjunto das teorias de evolução no século XIX

Investigation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax.

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceSynadenium umbellatum Pax. is widely found in South America and empirically used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases, mainly cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. using Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells, as well as the myelotoxicity potential of this plant.Materials and methodsS. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated in EAT cells by trypan blue exclusion and MTT reduction test and the mechanisms involved in EAT cell death were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Investigation of S. umbellatum myelotoxicity was performed by clonogenic assay of colony forming unit- granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM).Results and ConclusionOur results demonstrated that S. umbellatum decreased the viability of EAT cells using both methods. Morphological analyses revealed that S. umbellatum-treatment induced EAT cell death by apoptotic pathway. We demonstrated the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatydylserine externalization, and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. However, S. umbellatum produced myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to EAT cells, the effects of S. umbellatum in bone marrow cells were 8-fold lower. Taken together, our results showed that S. umbellatum induced apoptosis in EAT cells at several levels and seems more toxic to tumor cells than to normal bone marrow cells

Revisão sistemática da produção acadêmica em Psicologia do Trabalho no Brasil

Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar e sistematizar a produção acadêmica em Psicologia do Trabalho (PT) publicada em bases de dados brasileiras. A busca de artigos foi conduzida no Portal SciELO de janeiro a março de 2017, considerando os trabalhos publicados nos períodos de 2010 a 2016. Na seleção inicial, foram encontrados 4.248 artigos, dos quais 180 atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Foi estabelecida uma classificação temática, e os resultados evidenciaram uma prevalência de pesquisas em saúde mental do trabalhador, em detrimento de outras, tais como ergonomia e aposentadoria. A partir dessa revisão, foi possível identificar os principais temas que vêm sendo estudados pela área no país, bem como os que podem ser explorados, tanto na pesquisa quanto no campo de atuação do psicólogo organizacional e do trabalho

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the GJB2 and GJB6 genes are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important markers in many studies that link DNA sequence variations to phenotypic changes; such studies are expected to advance the understanding of human physiology and elucidate the molecular basis of diseases. The DFNB1 locus, which contains the GJB2 and GJB6 genes, plays a key role in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Previous studies have identified important mutations in this locus, but the contribution of SNPs in the genes has not yet been much investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of nine polymorphisms located within the DFNB1 locus with the occurrence of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). The SNPs rs3751385 (C/T), rs7994748 (C/T), rs7329857 (C/T), rs7987302 (G/A), rs7322538 (G/A), rs9315400 (C/T), rs877098 (C/T), rs945369 (A/C), and rs7333214 (T/G) were genotyped in 122 deaf patients and 132 healthy controls using allele-specific PCR. There were statistically significant differences between patients and controls, in terms of allelic frequencies in the SNPs rs3751385, rs7994748, rs7329857, rs7987302, rs945369, and rs7333214 (P < 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for rs7322538, rs9315400, and rs877098. Our results suggest that SNPs present in the GJB2 and GJB6 genes may have an influence on ARNSHL in humans2015CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFundacao Herminio Ometto/FH