1,312 research outputs found
Maxwell's Equations in a Uniformly Rotating Dielectric Medium and the Wilson-Wilson Experiment
This note offers a conceptually straightforward and efficient way to
formulate and solve problems in the electromagnetics of moving media based on a
representation of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms on
spacetime together with junction conditions at moving interfaces. This
framework is used to address a number of issues that have been discussed
recently in this journal about the theoretical description underlying the
interpretation of the Wilson-Wilson experiment.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Controlled electrochemical growth of ultra-long gold nanoribbons
Citation: Basnet, G., Panta, K. R., Thapa, P. S., & Flanders, B. N. (2017). Controlled electrochemical growth of ultra-long gold nanoribbons. Applied Physics Letters, 110(7), 5. doi:10.1063/1.4976027This paper describes the electrochemical growth of branchless gold nanoribbons with similar to 40 nm x similar to 300 nm cross sections and >100 mu m lengths (giving length-to-thickness aspect ratios of > 10(3)). These structures are useful for opto-electronic studies and as nanoscale electrodes. The 0.75-1.0V voltage amplitude range is optimal for branchless ribbon growth. Reduced amplitudes induce no growth, possibly due to reversible redox chemistry of gold at reduced amplitudes, whereas elevated amplitudes, or excess electrical noise, induce significant side-branching. The inter-relatedness of voltage-amplitude, noise, and side-branching in electrochemical nanoribbon growth is demonstrated. Published by AIP Publishing
Spinor formulation of topologically massive gravity
In the framework of real 2-component spinors in three dimensional space-time
we present a description of topologically massive gravity (TMG) in terms of
differential forms with triad scalar coefficients. This is essentially a real
version of the Newman-Penrose formalism in general relativity. A triad
formulation of TMG was considered earlier by Hall, Morgan and Perjes, however,
due to an unfortunate choice of signature some of the spinors underlying the
Hall-Morgan-Perjes formalism are real, while others are pure imaginary. We
obtain the basic geometrical identities as well as the TMG field equations
including a cosmological constant for the appropriate signature. As an
application of this formalism we discuss the Bianchi Type exact
solutions of TMG and point out that they are parallelizable manifolds. We also
consider various re-identifications of these homogeneous spaces that result in
black hole solutions of TMG.Comment: An expanded version of paper published in Classical and Quantum
Gravity 12 (1995) 291
Human norovirus infection and the acute serum cytokine response
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115914/1/cei12681.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115914/2/cei12681_am.pd
Height estimates for Killing graphs
The paper aims at proving global height estimates for Killing graphs defined
over a complete manifold with nonempty boundary. To this end, we first point
out how the geometric analysis on a Killing graph is naturally related to a
weighted manifold structure, where the weight is defined in terms of the length
of the Killing vector field. According to this viewpoint, we introduce some
potential theory on weighted manifolds with boundary and we prove a weighted
volume estimate for intrinsic balls on the Killing graph. Finally, using these
tools, we provide the desired estimate for the weighted height in the
assumption that the Killing graph has constant weighted mean curvature and the
weighted geometry of the ambient space is suitably controlled.Comment: 26 pages. Final version. To appear on Journal of Geometric Analysi
Electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension
The behavior of photons in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is
studied. Allowing for operators of arbitrary mass dimension, we classify all
gauge-invariant Lorentz- and CPT-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange
density associated with the effective photon propagator. The covariant
dispersion relation is obtained, and conditions for birefringence are
discussed. We provide a complete characterization of the coefficients for
Lorentz violation for all mass dimensions via a decomposition using
spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The resulting nine independent sets of
spherical coefficients control birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy. We
discuss the restriction of the general theory to various special models,
including among others the minimal Standard-Model Extension, the isotropic
limit, the case of vacuum propagation, the nonbirefringent limit, and the
vacuum-orthogonal model. The transformation of the spherical coefficients for
Lorentz violation between the laboratory frame and the standard Sun-centered
frame is provided. We apply the results to various astrophysical observations
and laboratory experiments. Astrophysical searches of relevance include studies
of birefringence and of dispersion. We use polarimetric and dispersive data
from gamma-ray bursts to set constraints on coefficients for Lorentz violation
involving operators of dimensions four through nine, and we describe the mixing
of polarizations induced by Lorentz and CPT violation in the cosmic-microwave
background. Laboratory searches of interest include cavity experiments. We
present the theory for searches with cavities, derive the experiment-dependent
factors for coefficients in the vacuum-orthogonal model, and predict the
corresponding frequency shift for a circular-cylindrical cavity.Comment: 58 pages two-column REVTeX, accepted in Physical Review
Patient engagement with antibiotic messaging in secondary care: a qualitative feasibility study of the ‘review & revise’ experience
Background: We aimed to investigate and optimise the acceptability and usefulness of a patient leaflet about antibiotic prescribing decisions made during hospitalisation, and to explore individual patient experiences and preferences regarding the process of antibiotic prescription ‘review & revise’ which is a key strategy to minimise antibiotic overuse in hospitals.
Methods: In this qualitative study, run within the feasibility study of a large, cluster-randomised stepped wedge trial of 36 hospital organisations, a series of semi-structured, think-aloud telephone interviews were conducted and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Fifteen adult patients who had experienced a recent acute medical hospital admission during which they had been prescribed antimicrobials and offered a patient leaflet about antibiotic prescribing were recruited to the study.
Results: Participants reacted positively to the leaflet, reporting that it was both an accessible and important source of information which struck the appropriate balance between informing and reassuring. Participants all valued open communication with clinicians, and were keen to be involved in antibiotic prescribing decisions, with individuals reporting positive experiences regarding antibiotic prescription changes or stopping. Many participants had prior experience or knowledge of antibiotics and resistance, and generally welcomed efforts to reduce antibiotic usage. Overall, there was a feeling that healthcare professionals (HCPs) are trusted experts providing the most appropriate treatment for individual patient conditions.
Conclusions: This study offers novel insights into how patients within secondary care are likely to respond to messages advocating a reduction in the use of antibiotics through the ‘review & revise’ approach. Due to the level of trust that patients place in their care provider, encouraging HCPs within secondary care to engage patients with greater communication and information provision could provide great advantages in the drive to reduce antibiotic use. It may also be beneficial for HCPs to view patient experiences as cumulative events that have the potential to impact future behaviour around antibiotic use. Finally, pre-testing messages about antibiotic prescribing and resistance is vital to dispelling any misconceptions either around effectiveness of treatment for patients, or perceptions of how messages may be received
Electrostatic boundary value problems in the Schwarzschild background
The electrostatic potential of any test charge distribution in Schwarzschild
space with boundary values is derived. We calculate the Green's function,
generalize the second Green's identity for p-forms and find the general
solution. Boundary value problems are solved. With a multipole expansion the
asymptotic property for the field of any charge distribution is derived. It is
shown that one produces a Reissner--Nordstrom black hole if one lowers a test
charge distribution slowly toward the horizon. The symmetry of the distribution
is not important. All the multipole moments fade away except the monopole. A
calculation of the gravitationally induced electrostatic self-force on a
pointlike test charge distribution held stationary outside the black hole is
presented.Comment: 18 pages, no figures, uses iopart.st
Classification of bicovariant differential calculi on the Jordanian quantum groups GL_{g,h}(2) and SL_{h}(2) and quantum Lie algebras
We classify all 4-dimensional first order bicovariant calculi on the
Jordanian quantum group GL_{h,g}(2) and all 3-dimensional first order
bicovariant calculi on the Jordanian quantum group SL_{h}(2). In both cases we
assume that the bicovariant bimodules are generated as left modules by the
differentials of the quantum group generators. It is found that there are 3
1-parameter families of 4-dimensional bicovariant first order calculi on
GL_{h,g}(2) and that there is a single, unique, 3-dimensional bicovariant
calculus on SL_{h}(2). This 3-dimensional calculus may be obtained through a
classical-like reduction from any one of the three families of 4-dimensional
calculi on GL_{h,g}(2). Details of the higher order calculi and also the
quantum Lie algebras are presented for all calculi. The quantum Lie algebra
obtained from the bicovariant calculus on SL_{h}(2) is shown to be isomorphic
to the quantum Lie algebra we obtain as an ad-submodule within the Jordanian
universal enveloping algebra U_{h}(sl(2)) and also through a consideration of
the decomposition of the tensor product of two copies of the deformed adjoint
module. We also obtain the quantum Killing form for this quantum Lie algebra.Comment: 33 pages, AMSLaTeX, misleading remark remove
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