Estudio analitico de la transferencia de calor por convección que afectan a los frenos de disco ventilados

 Context: During the braking process of a vehicle, the increase in the temperature produced by the friction between the brake pads and the disc is not dissipat­ed quickly. This depends on the geometry of the disc and the material manufactured; therefore, when very strong braking is caused, large amounts of heat can accumulate in a short time producing high tempera­ture gradients in the disc. Under these conditions, the functionality and safety of the system brake may be compromised.Method: The objective of this work is to simulate, through the Analysis of Finite Elements with the help of the Solidwork Simulation Software, three venti­lated disc brakes with the purpose of observing the behavior of the temperature in the ventilation chan­nels depending on the type of convection that affects them. Then, it is possible to obtain mathematical and analytical calculations of the actual behavior in the heat transfer of the brake disks.Results: The results show that the discs can be used effectively in extreme working conditions with a speed of 80 km/h and an ambient temperature of 20°C; however, it is very important to select the right geometry for the heat loss process to be faster and thus better levels of safety can be guaranteed, pro­vided that the necessary maintenance and cleaning of the system components.Conclusions: The heat dissipation in the brakes ob­viously depends on the geometry of the disc. This could be verified with the calculations obtained mathematically and the analyzes made in the Soft­ware Solidwork Simulation, in addition to the work­ing conditions in which the different disc brakes are operated and submitted.Contexto: Durante el proceso de frenado de un ve­hículo, el aumento de la temperatura producido por la fricción entre las pastillas de freno y el disco no es disipado rápidamente. Esto depende de la geo­metría del disco y del material fabricado; por consi­guiente, cuando se provoca un frenado muy fuerte, se pueden acumular grandes cantidades de calor en un corto tiempo produciéndose altos gradientes de temperatura en el disco. Bajo estas condiciones, la funcionalidad y la seguridad del freno del sistema pueden estar comprometidas.Método: El objetivo de este trabajo es simular, me­diante el Análisis de Elementos Finitos con la ayu­da del Software Solidwork Simulation, tres frenos de disco ventilados con la finalidad de observar el com­portamiento de la temperatura en los canales de ven­tilación dependiendo del tipo de convección que los afecta. De esta manera, es posible obtener cálculos matemáticos y analíticos del comportamiento real en la transferencia de calor de los discos de freno.Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los discos se pueden utilizar de manera efec­tiva en las condiciones de trabajo extremo con una velocidad de 80 Km/h y una temperatura ambiente de 20°C; sin embargo, es muy importante seleccio­nar la geometría adecuada para que el proceso de perdida de calor sea más rápido y de esta manera se puedan garantizar mejores niveles de seguridad, siempre y cuando se realice el debido mantenimien­to y limpieza de los componentes del sistema.Conclusiones: La disipación de calor en los frenos depende evidentemente de la geometría del disco como se pudo comprobar con los calculos obteni­dos matemáticamente y los anáisis realizados en el Software Solidwork Simulation, además de las con­diciones de trabajo en las cuales son operados y so­metidos los diferentes frenos de disco

Physical-ceramic characterization of clays used in the manufacture of mansory products for construction

Nowadays, in Colombia, specifically in the north-eastern, in Santander region, the process of mixing the ceramic paste used to manufacture masonry products for construction (H- 10 bricks, tiles, roof tiles, etc.) is done manually. For this reason, approximately 70% of the companies do not possess the technological tools which facilitate the prediction of the behavior of the raw material (clay). The main objective of this research is to formulate mixtures at a laboratory-level in order to verify the physical properties of ceramic raw materials used by a company which was takenas a sample. The research development was carried out through the execution of tests and laboratory analysis, taking into account the formulation of mixtures with the help of Statgraphics Centurion XV software in order to obtain combinations of raw materials according to the requirements of the current standard techniques. The results demonstrate the importance of using statistical programs for the improvement of systems and processes, predicting the behavior of raw materials as well as conducting pilot tests, taking into account the laboratory analyses in the ceramic industry. Conclusions: The results show that the mixture combinations obtained have the necessary parameters to meet the current standards such as resistance and absorption, which will optimize the economic and physical resources of the company, as well as the quality of the final product.Nowadays, in Colombia, specifically in the north-eastern, in Santander region, the process of mixing the ceramic paste used to manufacture masonry products for construction (H- 10 bricks, tiles, roof tiles, etc.) is done manually. For this reason, approximately 70% of the companies do not possess the technological tools which facilitate the prediction of the behavior of the raw material (clay). The main objective of this research is to formulate mixtures at a laboratory-level in order to verify the physical properties of ceramic raw materials used by a company which was takenas a sample. The research development was carried out through the execution of tests and laboratory analysis, taking into account the formulation of mixtures with the help of Statgraphics Centurion XV software in order to obtain combinations of raw materials according to the requirements of the current standard techniques. The results demonstrate the importance of using statistical programs for the improvement of systems and processes, predicting the behavior of raw materials as well as conducting pilot tests, taking into account the laboratory analyses in the ceramic industry. Conclusions: The results show that the mixture combinations obtained have the necessary parameters to meet the current standards such as resistance and absorption, which will optimize the economic and physical resources of the company, as well as the quality of the final product.   &nbsp

Estudio analitico de la transferencia de calor por convección que afectan a los frenos de disco ventilados

 Context: During the braking process of a vehicle, the increase in the temperature produced by the friction between the brake pads and the disc is not dissipat­ed quickly. This depends on the geometry of the disc and the material manufactured; therefore, when very strong braking is caused, large amounts of heat can accumulate in a short time producing high tempera­ture gradients in the disc. Under these conditions, the functionality and safety of the system brake may be compromised.Method: The objective of this work is to simulate, through the Analysis of Finite Elements with the help of the Solidwork Simulation Software, three venti­lated disc brakes with the purpose of observing the behavior of the temperature in the ventilation chan­nels depending on the type of convection that affects them. Then, it is possible to obtain mathematical and analytical calculations of the actual behavior in the heat transfer of the brake disks.Results: The results show that the discs can be used effectively in extreme working conditions with a speed of 80 km/h and an ambient temperature of 20°C; however, it is very important to select the right geometry for the heat loss process to be faster and thus better levels of safety can be guaranteed, pro­vided that the necessary maintenance and cleaning of the system components.Conclusions: The heat dissipation in the brakes ob­viously depends on the geometry of the disc. This could be verified with the calculations obtained mathematically and the analyzes made in the Soft­ware Solidwork Simulation, in addition to the work­ing conditions in which the different disc brakes are operated and submitted.Contexto: Durante el proceso de frenado de un ve­hículo, el aumento de la temperatura producido por la fricción entre las pastillas de freno y el disco no es disipado rápidamente. Esto depende de la geo­metría del disco y del material fabricado; por consi­guiente, cuando se provoca un frenado muy fuerte, se pueden acumular grandes cantidades de calor en un corto tiempo produciéndose altos gradientes de temperatura en el disco. Bajo estas condiciones, la funcionalidad y la seguridad del freno del sistema pueden estar comprometidas.Método: El objetivo de este trabajo es simular, me­diante el Análisis de Elementos Finitos con la ayu­da del Software Solidwork Simulation, tres frenos de disco ventilados con la finalidad de observar el com­portamiento de la temperatura en los canales de ven­tilación dependiendo del tipo de convección que los afecta. De esta manera, es posible obtener cálculos matemáticos y analíticos del comportamiento real en la transferencia de calor de los discos de freno.Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los discos se pueden utilizar de manera efec­tiva en las condiciones de trabajo extremo con una velocidad de 80 Km/h y una temperatura ambiente de 20°C; sin embargo, es muy importante seleccio­nar la geometría adecuada para que el proceso de perdida de calor sea más rápido y de esta manera se puedan garantizar mejores niveles de seguridad, siempre y cuando se realice el debido mantenimien­to y limpieza de los componentes del sistema.Conclusiones: La disipación de calor en los frenos depende evidentemente de la geometría del disco como se pudo comprobar con los calculos obteni­dos matemáticamente y los anáisis realizados en el Software Solidwork Simulation, además de las con­diciones de trabajo en las cuales son operados y so­metidos los diferentes frenos de disco