Modelagem matemática para gestão da capacidade de suporte de empreendimentos aquícolas em lagos e reservatórios

Áreas inundadas de reservatórios e lagos artificiais estão sendo cada vez mais utilizadas para a produção de peixes; contudo, os resíduos lançados pela aquicultura tornaram-se uma preocupação para o desenvolvimento sustentável desta atividade. Uma das principais estratégias adotadas pelos órgãos gestores e fiscalizadores consiste no uso de modelos hidrodinâmicos que calculam a capacidade de suporte ou de carga de nutrientes de um determinado corpo hídrico e a influência dos cultivos de peixes. Esses modelos são precisos no desenvolvimento de estratégias ideais de alimentação e cálculo de resíduos. Este artigo de revisão aborda esta temática e traz uma descrição da metodologia desenvolvida para análise e simulação da capacidade de suporte para produção de pescados, baseada na integração do modelo bioenergético nutricional “Fish-PrFEQ” com o modelo hidrodinâmico de Dillon & Rigler. Esta metodologia permite avaliar a real contribuição de resíduos aquícolas e auxilia no planejamento e na gestão da aquicultura nestes ambientes aquáticos, além de possibilitar e incentivar que os produtores e a indústria aquícola utilizem rações de melhor qualidade nutricional e menor impacto ambiental.Flooded areas of reservoirs and artificial lakes have been increasingly used for fish production; however, the waste generated by aquaculture has become a concern for the sustainable development of this activity. One of the main strategies adopted by management and regulatory agencies is the use of hydrodynamic models that calculate the carrying or nutrient load capacity of a particular water body and the effect of fish farming. These models are precise in the development of optimal strategies for feeding and waste calculation. This review paper addresses this topic and describes the methodology developed for the analysis and simulation of the carrying capacity for fish production, based on the integration of the Fish-PrFEQ nutritional bioenergetic model and the hydrodynamic model of Dillon & Rigler. This methodology allows evaluating the real contribution of aquaculture waste and assists in the planning and management of aquaculture in these aquatic environments, besides enabling and encouraging producers and the aquaculture industry to use fish food with better nutritional quality and lower environmental impact

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Influence of the biostimulation on ovarian characteristics and pregnancy rate in nelore heifers Influência da bioestimulação sobre características ovarianas e taxa de prenhez em novilhas Nelore

The effects of biostimulation on the dimensions of ovarian structures, conception and pregnancy rates and weight gain were evaluated in Nelore heifers. In October 2005 the animals were divided in two treatments: biostimulated (BE), with the presence of vasectomized bulls with libido, and nonbiostimulated (NE), without the bull. Ultra-sonography exams were done for measurement of ovary, diameter of the largest follicle and corpora lutea when present, and also for pregnancy diagnose. Conception rate was of 100 and 80% and pregnancy rate of 62.5 and 25% for BE and NE groups, respectively. No changes on the initial and final ovarian dimensions or on the measurements of the diameter of the largest follicle and corpora lutea were observed between the groups. Treatments had significantly affected weight gain. Service rate per conception was smaller in BE. Biostimulation affect conception and pregnancy rate, but no effects on the ovary dimensions, diameter of the largest follicle and corpora lutea are observed. Decreasing weight gain and service rate per conception were observed in biostimulated heifers.Avaliou-se o efeito da bioestimulação nas dimensões das estruturas ovarianas, nas taxas de concepção e de prenhez e no ganho de peso em novilhas da raça Nelore. Em outubro de 2005, dividiram-se igualmente as fêmeas (n=32) em dois tratamentos: bioestimulado (BE) com a presença de rufião; e não-bioestimulado (NE) na ausência do mesmo. Realizaram-se exames de ultra-sonografia para mensuração dos ovários, do diâmetro do folículo maior e do corpo lúteo, quando presente, e para diagnóstico de gestação. A taxa de concepção nas fêmeas bioestimuladas foi de 100,0% e naquelas não-bioestimuladas, 80,0%, enquanto a taxa de prenhez foi de 62,5 e 25%, respectivamente. Não houve alterações nas dimensões iniciais e finais dos ovários nem diferenças nos diâmetros do folículo maior e do corpo lúteo em cada grupo. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para ganho de peso. O número de serviços por concepção foi menor no grupo bioestimulado. A bioestimulação influencia positivamente as taxas de concepção e prenhez, mas não interfere nas dimensões do ovário, no diâmetro do folículo maior e do corpo lúteo. Novilhas bioestimuladas reduzem o ganho de peso e o número de serviço por concepção

Mobilização para um Programa de Pesquisa Translacional em Leishmanioses: uma Solução para Saúde Pública.

Este artigo tem como objetivo registrar o processo de articulação de pesquisadores e gestores de Ciência e Tecnologia que culminou com a estruturação de um programa de pesquisa translacional para busca de soluções acerca de novos tratamentos para as leishmanioses. Em que pese a expressiva massa de publicações na área de leishmaniose, ainda persiste a falta de acesso a tratamentos efetivos para pacientes. O aumento no número de casos registrados tem alarmado os gestores de saúde pública. Na contramão da situação que se apresenta o número de pesquisas científicas na área tem crescido nos últimos anos colocando o Brasil entre os países com maior número de publicações científicas na área junto aos EUA e India. A estratégia de aproximar e ativar uma rede de pesquisadores no campo e direcioná-los a um programa de pesquisa translacional será o foco de ação nos próximos dez anos

Indian food habit & food ingredients may have a role in lowering the severity & high death rate from COVID-19 in Indians: findings from the first nutrigenomic analysis

Background & objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the death rate was reportedly 5-8 fold lower in India which is densely populated as compared to less populated western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary habits were associated with the variations in COVID-19 severity and deaths between western and Indian population at the nutrigenomics level. Methods: In this study nutrigenomics approach was applied. Blood transcriptome of severe COVID-19 patients from three western countries (showing high fatality) and two datasets from Indian patients were used. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed for pathways, metabolites, nutrients, etc., and compared for western and Indian samples to identify the food- and nutrient-related factors, which may be associated with COVID-19 severity. Data on the daily consumption of twelve key food components across four countries were collected and a correlation between nutrigenomics analyses and per capita daily dietary intake was investigated. Results: Distinct dietary habits of Indians were observed, which may be associated with low death rate from COVID-19. Increased consumption of red meat, dairy products and processed foods by western populations may increase the severity and death rate by activating cytokine storm-related pathways, intussusceptive angiogenesis, hypercapnia and enhancing blood glucose levels due to high contents of sphingolipids, palmitic acid and byproducts such as CO2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Palmitic acid also induces ACE2 expression and increases the infection rate. Coffee and alcohol that are highly consumed in western countries may increase the severity and death rates from COVID-19 by deregulating blood iron, zinc and triglyceride levels. The components of Indian diets maintain high iron and zinc concentrations in blood and rich fibre in their foods may prevent CO2 and LPS-mediated COVID-19 severity. Regular consumption of tea by Indians maintains high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglyceride in blood as catechins in tea act as natural atorvastatin. Importantly, regular consumption of turmeric in daily food by Indians maintains strong immunity and curcumin in turmeric may prevent pathways and mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity and lowered the death rate. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggest that Indian food components suppress cytokine storm and various other severity related pathways of COVID-19 and may have a role in lowering severity and death rates from COVID-19 in India as compared to western populations. However, large multi-centered case-control studies are required to support our current findings

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities