The Content Analysis of Heavy Metals of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Organic Matter in the Sediment of East Coast of Sumatera

The research was conducted in August – November 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the sediment and its organic matter content in the east coast of Sumatera. The method used was survey method in wich the East coast of Sumatera coastal waters was used as the location of sampling.The results showed that different sediment fraction had different concentration of heavy metals. The sediment fraction of >250 μm had higher concentration than the fraction <63 μm and 63 μm – 250 μm. The concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the sediment were 7.29, 12.91, 8.69 and 14.57 μg/g respectively. Simple linier regression analysis showed of negative corelations for Pb, Cu, and Zn. and positive corelations for Ni with the content of organic matter in the sediment. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations were still below the value of ERL and ERM

Perbandingan Preferensi Peserta Bpjs terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Pirngadi dan Rumah Sakit Martha Friska Medan Tahun 2015

Dissatisfaction of BPJS members toward hospital service quality encourages them to have health service based on their preferences, so their need and hope is properly fulfilled. The objectives of this research are to identify and compare the preferences of BPJS members toward service quality in General Hospital of Dr. Pirngadi and Martha Friska Medan by using conjoint analysis. There are 5 attributes of hospital services, i.e. reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible in which each attribute consists of sub Attribute and Level. The conjoint analysis is one of the methods for obtaining the level combination and most important attribute based on patients' preferences in which each hospital serves 50 BPJS patients and the sample was taken by purposive sampling method. The result of this research indicates that the preferences of BPJS members toward service quality based on the sequences of the most important sub attributes between the General Hospital of Dr. Pirngadi and Martha Friska were responsiveness, assurance and empathy, while the differences were found on reliability and tangible. The level combination of the same sub attributes between those general hospitals were found on empathy attribute, and for the attribute of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, tangible, it produced the different combination. It is suggested to the General Hospital of Dr. Pirngadi and Martha Friska to provide the health service based on the preferences of BPJS members and for the future study, it is suggested to apply the conjoint analysis in another health case

Physicians' willingness to be vaccinated with a smallpox vaccine to prevent monkeypox viral infection: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

Background Although there is no licensed vaccine for monkeypox, smallpox vaccine has been shown to be 85% effective in preventing the monkeypox. This study was conducted to assess the willingness of frontline healthcare providers to be vaccinated with smallpox vaccine to prevent monkeypox. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia. The willingness was assessed under two scenarios: fully subsidized and non-subsidized vaccine. Explanatory variables such as sociodemographic profile, workplace and professional characteristics, and knowledge of monkeypox were collected. A logistic regression assessed the influence of these explanatory variables on participants’ willingness. Results Out of 510 received participants’ responses, 407 (79.8%) were analyzed. With a fully subsidized vaccine scenario, 381 (93.6%) of the participants were willing to be vaccinated and in an unadjusted analysis, gender, education, monthly income, and type of workplace were associated with willingness. With a non-subsidized vaccine (i.e. the vaccine price was US$ 17.9), the proportion who were willing to be vaccinated decreased to 71.9%. In adjusted analyses for both scenarios, gender was the only independent predictor for willingness; men were less willing to be vaccinated than women, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.87 and aOR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.67, respectively for subsidized and non-subsidized scenario. Conclusion Vaccine price and gender are important factors for physicians' willingness to be vaccinated for smallpox vaccine prevent monkeypox in Indonesia. These findings indicate that achieving high vaccine converge may require partially or fully subsidized vaccines, along with a clear guideline and recommendation from authorities

Acceptance and willingness to pay for a hypothetical vaccine against monkeypox viral infection among frontline physicians: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

Background A clinical trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a monkeypox vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). The critical question that needs to be addressed is whether HCWs are willing to accept and purchase this vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the vaccine among HCWs. Methods From May to July 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among registered general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia. A contingent valuation method was employed to evaluate the WTP. Besides acceptance and WTP, various explanatory variables were also collected and assessed. A logistic regression and a multivariable linear regression were used to explore the explanatory variables influencing acceptance and WTP, respectively. Results Among 407 respondents, 391 (96.0) expressed acceptance of a free vaccination. The mean and median WTP was US 37.0(95CI:US 32.76�US 41.23) and US 17.90(95CI:US 17.90�US 17.90), respectively. In an unadjusted analysis, those 30 years old or younger had 2.94 times greater odds of vaccine acceptance compared to those who were older (95CI: 1.07�8.08). Location of alma mater, type of workplace, length of individual medical experience, and monthly income of GPs were all significantly associated with WTP. Conclusion Although the vast majority of GPs would accept a freely provided vaccine, they were also somewhat price sensitive. This finding indicates that partial subsidy maybe required to achieve high vaccine coverage, particularly among GPs at community health centres or those with a shorter duration of medical practice