52,749 research outputs found
Red blood cells and other non-spherical capsules in shear flow: oscillatory dynamics and the tank-treading-to-tumbling transition
We consider the motion of red blood cells and other non-spherical
microcapsules dilutely suspended in a simple shear flow. Our analysis indicates
that depending on the viscosity, membrane elasticity, geometry and shear rate,
the particle exhibits either tumbling, tank-treading of the membrane about the
viscous interior with periodic oscillations of the orientation angle, or
intermittent behavior in which the two modes occur alternately. For red blood
cells, we compute the complete phase diagram and identify a novel
tank-treading-to-tumbling transition at low shear rates. Observations of such
motions coupled with our theoretical framework may provide a sensitive means of
assessing capsule properties.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Quantum sine-Gordon dynamics on analogue curved spacetime in a weakly imperfect scalar Bose gas
Using the coherent state functional integral expression of the partition
function, we show that the sine-Gordon model on an analogue curved spacetime
arises as the effective quantum field theory for phase fluctuations of a weakly
imperfect Bose gas on an incompressible background superfluid flow when these
fluctuations are restricted to a subspace of the single-particle Hilbert space.
We consider bipartitions of the single-particle Hilbert space relevant to
experiments on ultracold bosonic atomic or molecular gases, including, e.g.,
restriction to high- or low-energy sectors of the dynamics and spatial
bipartition corresponding to tunnel-coupled planar Bose gases. By assuming full
unitary quantum control in the low-energy subspace of a trapped gas, we show
that (1) appropriately tuning the particle number statistics of the
lowest-energy mode partially decouples the low- and high-energy sectors,
allowing any low-energy single-particle wave function to define a background
for sine-Gordon dynamics on curved spacetime and (2) macroscopic occupation of
a quantum superposition of two states of the lowest two modes produces an
analogue curved spacetime depending on two background flows, with respective
weights continuously dependent on the corresponding weights of the superposed
quantum states.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Amplification of the quantum superposition macroscopicity of a flux qubit by a magnetized Bose gas
We calculate a measure of superposition macroscopicity for a
superposition of screening current states in a superconducting flux qubit
(SFQ), by relating to the action of an instanton trajectory
connecting the potential wells of the flux qubit. When a magnetized
Bose-Einstein condensed (BEC) gas containing
atoms is brought into a proximity of the flux
qubit in an experimentally realistic geometry, we demonstrate the appearance of
a two- to five-fold amplification of over the bare value without
the BEC, by calculating the instantion trajectory action from the
microscopically derived effective flux Lagrangian of a hybrid quantum system
composed of the flux qubit and a spin- atomic Bose gas. Exploiting the
connection between and the maximal metrological usefulness of a
multimode superposition state, we show that amplification of in
the ground state of the hybrid system is equivalent to a decrease in the
quantum Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound for estimation of an externally applied flux. Our
result therefore demonstrates the increased usefulness of the BEC--SFQ hybrid
system as a sensor of ultraweak magnetic fields below the standard quantum
limit.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Neutrino emissivities and bulk viscosity in neutral two-flavor quark matter
We study thermodynamic and transport properties for the isotropic
color-spin-locking (iso-CSL) phase of two-flavor superconducting quark matter
under compact star constraints within a NJL-type chiral quark model. Chiral
symmetry breaking and the phase transition to superconducting quark matter
leads to a density dependent change of quark masses, chemical potentials and
diquark gap. A self-consistent treatment of these physical quantities
influences on the microscopic calculations of transport properties. We present
results for the iso-CSL direct URCA emissivities and bulk viscosities, which
fulfill the constraints on quark matter derived from cooling and rotational
evolution of compact stars. We compare our results with the phenomenologically
successful, but yet heuristic 2SC+X phase. We show that the microscopically
founded iso-CSL phase can replace the purely phenomenological 2SC+X phase in
modern simulations of the cooling evolution for compact stars with color
superconducting quark matter interior.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, references added, text improve
Thermal Conductivity of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Diameter and Annealing Dependence
The thermal conductivity, k(T), of bulk single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT's)
displays a linear temperature dependence at low T that has been attributed to
1D quantization of phonons. To explore this issue further, we have measured the
k(T) of samples with varying average tube diameters. We observe linear k(T) up
to higher temperatures in samples with smaller diameters, in agreement with a
quantization picture. In addition, we have examined the effect of annealing on
k(T). We observe an enhancement in k(T) for annealed samples which we attribute
to healing of defects and removal of impurities. These measurements demonstrate
how the thermal properties of an SWNT material can be controlled by
manipulating its intrinsic nanoscale properties.Comment: Proc. of the XV. Int. Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel
Materials, Kirchberg/Tirol, Austria, 200
Electric field effect modulation of transition temperature, mobile carrier density and in-plane penetration depth in NdBa2Cu3O(7-delta) thin films
We explore the relationship between the critical temperature, T_c, the mobile
areal carrier density, n_2D, and the zero temperature magnetic in-plane
penetration depth, lambda_ab(0), in very thin underdoped NdBa2Cu3O{7-delta}
films near the superconductor to insulator transition using the electric field
effect technique. We observe that T_c depends linearly on both, n_2D and
lambda_ab(0), the signature of a quantum superconductor to insulator (QSI)
transition in two dimensions with znu-bar where z is the dynamic and nu-bar the
critical exponent of the in-plane correlation length.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Low Space External Memory Construction of the Succinct Permuted Longest Common Prefix Array
The longest common prefix (LCP) array is a versatile auxiliary data structure
in indexed string matching. It can be used to speed up searching using the
suffix array (SA) and provides an implicit representation of the topology of an
underlying suffix tree. The LCP array of a string of length can be
represented as an array of length words, or, in the presence of the SA, as
a bit vector of bits plus asymptotically negligible support data
structures. External memory construction algorithms for the LCP array have been
proposed, but those proposed so far have a space requirement of words
(i.e. bits) in external memory. This space requirement is in some
practical cases prohibitively expensive. We present an external memory
algorithm for constructing the bit version of the LCP array which uses
bits of additional space in external memory when given a
(compressed) BWT with alphabet size and a sampled inverse suffix array
at sampling rate . This is often a significant space gain in
practice where is usually much smaller than or even constant. We
also consider the case of computing succinct LCP arrays for circular strings
Metastability and uniqueness of vortex states at depinning
We present results from numerical simulations of transport of vortices in the
zero-field cooled (ZFC) and the field-cooled (FC) state of a type-II
superconductor. In the absence of an applied current , we find that the FC
state has a lower defect density than the ZFC state, and is stable against
thermal cycling. On the other hand, by cycling , surprisingly we find that
the ZFC state is the stable state. The FC state is metastable as manifested by
increasing to the depinning current , in which case the FC state
evolves into the ZFC state. We also find that all configurations acquire a
unique defect density at the depinning transition independent of the history of
the initial states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Problem of page size correcte
Preliminary results of aerial infrared surveys at Pisgah Crater, California
In-flight tests of airborne infrared scanners, and comparison with field reflectance dat
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