1,558 research outputs found
The interplay between regulatory focus and temporal distance in the health context
Objectives: This study identifies how the interaction between temporal distance, regulatory focus, and framing of health outcomes affects individuals' intention to adopt a personalized nutrition service. Design: A 2 (temporal distance: immediate health outcomes vs. delayed health outcomes) Ă— 2 (regulatory focus: prevention vs. promotion) Ă— 2 (health outcome framing: illness prevention vs. health promotion) full-factorial between-subjects design. Methods: In two experiments with samples of 236 and 242 students, regulatory focus was manipulated by asking participants to describe which academic outcomes they want to either achieve or prevent and how they aim to do this. Temporal distance and health outcome framing were manipulated by modifying descriptions of personalized nutrition services. To study the process through which temporal distance, regulatory focus, and health outcome framing affect adoption intention, measures of perceived privacy risk and perceived personalization benefit were included as mediators. Results: The interaction between temporal distance and regulatory focus had a significant effect on adoption intention, perceived privacy risk, and perceived personalization benefit. For prevention-focused individuals' adoption intention was higher, perceived personalization benefit was higher, and perceived privacy risk was lower when health outcomes were immediate instead of delayed. These effects were not significant for promotion-focused individuals. Health outcome framing affected the interaction between temporal distance and regulatory focus, but only in Study 1. Only perceived personalization benefit served as a mediator. Conclusion: Tailoring temporal distance to individuals' regulatory focus increases adoption intention for personalized nutrition advice. Statement of contribution: What is already known on this subject? Intention to adopt dietary recommendations results from a cognitive decision-making process. Regulatory focus and temporal distance are relevant for the adoption of dietary recommendations. Temporal distance and regulatory focus are interrelated. What does this study add? The interaction between temporal distance and regulatory focus affects adoption intention. Interaction between temporal distance and regulatory focus moderates the cognitive process that drives adoption.</p
Metastable States in Spin Glasses and Disordered Ferromagnets
We study analytically M-spin-flip stable states in disordered short-ranged
Ising models (spin glasses and ferromagnets) in all dimensions and for all M.
Our approach is primarily dynamical and is based on the convergence of a
zero-temperature dynamical process with flips of lattice animals up to size M
and starting from a deep quench, to a metastable limit. The results (rigorous
and nonrigorous, in infinite and finite volumes) concern many aspects of
metastable states: their numbers, basins of attraction, energy densities,
overlaps, remanent magnetizations and relations to thermodynamic states. For
example, we show that their overlap distribution is a delta-function at zero.
We also define a dynamics for M=infinity, which provides a potential tool for
investigating ground state structure.Comment: 34 pages (LaTeX); to appear in Physical Review
Resummation of Nonalternating Divergent Perturbative Expansions
A method for the resummation of nonalternating divergent perturbation series
is described. The procedure constitutes a generalization of the Borel-Pad\'{e}
method. Of crucial importance is a special integration contour in the complex
plane. Nonperturbative imaginary contributions can be inferred from the purely
real perturbative coefficients. A connection is drawn from the quantum field
theoretic problem of resummation to divergent perturbative expansions in other
areas of physics.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, 2 tables, 1 figure; discussion of the Carleman
criterion added; version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Disorder-specific patterns of emotion coregulation in couples: Comparing obsessive compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa
Impaired emotion regulation and maladaptive strategies to manage distress are central to psychopathology, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Emotion regulation can be fostered or thwarted by romantic partners, and the tendency to rely on interpersonally oriented emotion regulation may vary by disorder. This study examined coregulation as a form of interpersonal emotion regulation in OCD and AN. We hypothesized that OCD is associated with exaggerated and AN with diminished coregulation, and that OCD patients have greater overall levels of emotional arousal than AN patients. Greater symptom severity was expected to exacerbate these opposing tendencies. Vocally encoded emotional arousal was measured during couple conversations in 34 AN patients, 18 OCD patients, and their partners. Two indicators of coregulation (covariation and coupling) were analyzed using cross-lagged actor-partner interdependence and coupled linear oscillator models. As hypothesized, OCD was associated with greater overall emotional arousal than AN. Symptom severity was not associated with emotional arousal or coregulation. Covariation differed in the opposite direction of the hypothesis; there was no difference in coupling. AN patients exhibited consistent coregulation, indicating high reactivity to partners' emotional arousal which may contribute to interpersonal avoidance. OCD couples showed limited predictability of patients' arousal over time, while partners were affected by the patients' emotional arousal; thus, symptom accommodation may in part be partners' attempts at managing their own distress along with the patients'. A better understanding of interpersonal emotion regulation in OCD and AN can inform treatment by targeting interaction patterns that may maintain symptoms
Findings from a couple-based open trial for adult anorexia nervosa
Adult anorexia nervosa (AN) often is persistent, significantly erodes quality of life for both the patient and loved ones, and carries high medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Whereas individual psychotherapy for adult AN leads to improvement in some patients, recent findings indicate that the magnitude of improvement is limited: Only a small percentage of individuals fully recover and dropout rates are high. Thus, it is important to build upon current interventions to improve treatment response. We present results from an open trial of a couple-based intervention for adult anorexia nervosa as an adjunct treatment to standard multidisciplinary care. Twenty couples received treatment over approximately 26 weeks, including a couple-based intervention, individual CBT sessions, psychiatry visits for medication management, and nutritional counseling sessions. The results indicate that patients improved at posttest and 3-month follow-up on a variety of AN-related measures, anxiety and depression, and relationship adjustment. Partners also improved on anxiety, depression, and relationship adjustment. In an exploratory analysis, the multicomponent couple treatment intervention was benchmarked to well-conducted randomized controlled trials of individual therapy for AN; the couple intervention seems to compare favorably on AN-related measures and was associated with a lower dropout rate. In spite of methodological limitations, the findings suggest that including partners in the treatment of adult AN holds potential for bolstering treatment outcomes
Solution of coupled vertex and propagator Dyson-Schwinger equations in the scalar Munczek-Nemirovsky model
In a scalar model, we exactly solve the vertex and
propagator Dyson-Schwinger equations under the assumption of a spatially
constant (Munczek-Nemirovsky) propagator for the field. Various
truncation schemes are also considered.Comment: 7 pages,4 figures, minor changes, reference added for published
versio
Non-destructive, dynamic detectors for Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose and analyze a series of non-destructive, dynamic detectors for
Bose-Einstein condensates based on photo-detectors operating at the shot noise
limit. These detectors are compatible with real time feedback to the
condensate. The signal to noise ratio of different detection schemes are
compared subject to the constraint of minimal heating due to photon absorption
and spontaneous emission. This constraint leads to different optimal operating
points for interference-based schemes. We find the somewhat counter-intuitive
result that without the presence of a cavity, interferometry causes as much
destruction as absorption for optically thin clouds. For optically thick
clouds, cavity-free interferometry is superior to absorption, but it still
cannot be made arbitrarily non-destructive . We propose a cavity-based
measurement of atomic density which can in principle be made arbitrarily
non-destructive for a given signal to noise ratio
Influence of the detector's temperature on the quantum Zeno effect
In this paper we study the quantum Zeno effect using the irreversible model
of the measurement. The detector is modeled as a harmonic oscillator
interacting with the environment. The oscillator is subjected to the force,
proportional to the energy of the measured system. We use the Lindblad-type
master equation to model the interaction with the environment. The influence of
the detector's temperature on the quantum Zeno effect is obtained. It is shown
that the quantum Zeno effect becomes stronger (the jump probability decreases)
when the detector's temperature increases
Evaluation of foot and mouth disease control measures: Simulating two endemic areas of Thailand
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important livestock disease in Thailand, with outbreaks occurring every year. However, the effects of FMD control measures in Thailand have received little research attention. Epidemiological models have been widely used to evaluate FMD outbreak control, but such a model has never been developed for Thailand. We constructed a stochastic between-farm transmission model to evaluate FMD control measures. The epidemiological unit of the model was the farm, which could be in different states: susceptible, latent, undetected infectious, detected infectious and recovered. The between-farm transmission was calculated by the sum of distance-dependent transmission and trade network transmission using parameters derived from FMD outbreaks in 2016–2017. We used this model to simulate the outbreaks with and without the implementation of the following control measures: culling all animals on infected farms, ring vaccination, animal movement restrictions and isolation of infected farms. The control measures were evaluated by estimating the number of secondarily infected farms and the outbreak duration for each scenario. The model was simulated in two study areas located in the Lamphaya Klang subdistrict (high farm density) and the Bo Phloi district (low farm density). The effects of control measures differed between the two study areas. When farm density was high, rigid control measures were required to prevent a major outbreak. Among all options, culling the animals on infected farms resulted in the lowest number of infected farms and the shortest outbreak duration. In contrast, for an area with a low farm density, less stringent control measures were sufficient to control the usually minor outbreaks. The results indicate that different areas require a different approach to control an outbreak of FMD
Summing up the perturbation series in the Schwinger Model
Perturbation series for the electron propagator in the Schwinger Model is
summed up in a direct way by adding contributions coming from individual
Feynman diagrams. The calculation shows the complete agreement between
nonperturbative and perturbative approaches.Comment: 10 pages (in REVTEX
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