Space storable thrustor investigation Final report

Design and performance of space storable liquid FLOX methane thrustor of refractory composite material

Wide range operation of advanced low NOx combustors for supersonic high-altitude aircraft gas turbines

An initial rig program tested the Jet Induced Circulation (JIC) and Vortex Air Blast (VAB) systems in small can combustor configurations for NOx emissions at a simulated high altitude, supersonic cruise condition. The VAB combustor demonstrated the capability of meeting the NOx goal of 1.0 g NO2/kg fuel at the cruise condition. In addition, the program served to demonstrate the limited low-emissions range available from the lean, premixed combustor. A follow-on effort was concerned with the problem of operating these lean, premixed combustors with acceptable emissions at simulated engine idle conditions. Various techniques have been demonstrated that allow satisfactory operation on both the JIC and VAB combustors at idle with CO emissions below 20 g/kg fuel. The VAB combustor was limited by flashback/autoignition phenomena at the cruise conditions to a pressure of 8 atmospheres. The JIC combustor was operated up to the full design cruise pressure of 14 atmospheres without encountering an autoignition limitation although the NOx levels, in the 2-3 g NO2/kg fuel range, exceeded the program goal

Is M82 X-1 Really An Intermediate-Mass Black Hole? X-ray Spectral and Timing Evidence

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with apparent luminosities up to 100's of times the Eddington luminosity for a neutron star have been discovered in external galaxies. The existence of intermediate mass black holes has been proposed to explain these sources. We present evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole in the ULX M82 X-1 based on the spectral features and timing (QPO) properties of the X-radiation from this source. We revisited XMM Newton and RXTE data for M82 X-1 obtained in 2001 and 1997 for XMM and RXTE respectively. We show for these observations that the source is either in transition or in a high/soft state with photon spectral indices 2.1 and 2.7 respectively. We confirm the early determination of the QPO frequency ~ 55 mHz in this source by Strohmayer & Mushotzky and identify this as the low frequency QPO for the source. We apply a new method to determine the BH mass of M82 X-1. The method uses the index-QPO low frequency correlation that has been recently been established in galactic black hole candidates GRS 1915+105, XTE J1550-564, 4U 1630-47 and others. Using scaling arguments and the correlation derived from consideration of galactic BHs, we conclude that M82 X-1 is an intermediate BH with a mass of the order of 1000 solar masses.Comment: 7 pages and 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, v.614, 2004, October 2

Interference of diffraction and transition radiation and its application as a beam divergence diagnostic

We have observed the interference of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) and optical transition radiation (OTR) produced by the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a micromesh foil and a mirror. The production of forward directed ODR from electrons passing through the holes and wires of the mesh and their separate interactions with backward OTR from the mirror are analyzed with the help of a simulation code. By careful choice of the micromesh properties, mesh-mirror spacing, observation wavelength and filter band pass, the interference of the ODR produced from the unperturbed electrons passing through the open spaces of the mesh and OTR from the mirror are observable above a broad incoherent background from interaction of the heavily scattered electrons passing through the mesh wires. These interferences (ODTRI) are sensitive to the beam divergence and can be used to directly diagnose this parameter. We compare experimental divergence values obtained using ODTRI, conventional OTRI, for the case when front foil scattering is negligible, and computed values obtained from transport code calculations and multiple screen beam size measurements. We obtain good agreement in all cases.Comment: 40 pages 18 Figures. accepted for publication in PRSTA

When Lights Are Low

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2497/thumbnail.jp

Cephalopod Brains: An Overview of Current Knowledge to Facilitate Comparison With Vertebrates.

Cephalopod and vertebrate neural-systems are often highlighted as a traditional example of convergent evolution. Their large brains, relative to body size, and complexity of sensory-motor systems and behavioral repertoires offer opportunities for comparative analysis. Despite various attempts, questions on how cephalopod 'brains' evolved and to what extent it is possible to identify a vertebrate-equivalence, assuming it exists, remain unanswered. Here, we summarize recent molecular, anatomical and developmental data to explore certain features in the neural organization of cephalopods and vertebrates to investigate to what extent an evolutionary convergence is likely. Furthermore, and based on whole body and brain axes as defined in early-stage embryos using the expression patterns of homeodomain-containing transcription factors and axonal tractography, we describe a critical analysis of cephalopod neural systems showing similarities to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord of vertebrates. Our overall aim is to promote and facilitate further, hypothesis-driven, studies of cephalopod neural systems evolution

Teología y práctica pastoral

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