Politics, Development strategy, and Family y Planning Programs in India and Pakistan

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66711/2/10.1177_009539977100300301.pd

Assessing juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) energy densities and their habitat quality in the Chignik watershed, Alaska

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2004The Chignik watershed, on the southern side of the Alaska Peninsula, supports a large salmon fishery vital to the local economy. Recent morphological changes to the watershed generated concern regarding the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stock that rears in Black Lake, at the head of the system. Studies of the Chignik watershed to date have not incorporated energy density data to explain the life history strategies of Chignik sockeye salmon. Re-estimated condition factor parameters improved our understanding of the length-weight relationships to fish health that isometric models described in Chignik sockeye salmon. Subsequent comparisons of age, length, weight, location, and temperature data to energy density indicated that Black Lake fish, which were all age 0 fish, were significantly affected by temperature and had energy densities greater than did fish from other areas of the watershed. Sockeye salmon captured in Chignik Lake, Chignik River, and Chignik Lagoon were only energetically different from one another based on age. Observed seasonal trends suggested juvenile sockeye salmon emigrate from Black Lake before the onset of winter due to forage and temperature limitations. A constant downstream migration occurred in the watershed during the summer, which suggested smoltification and osmoregulation processes in Chignik Lagoon fish

Comparative analysis of techniques for shooting trajectory reconstruction.

Shooting trajectory reconstruction is a common discipline in the field of crime scene reconstruction. This discipline, however, has minimal published history about the origin, the most valuable techniques and methods, or journal articles. In addition, this type of reconstruction is used on a daily basis by law enforcement, but there is no validation of its procedures or tools. This study advanced the knowledge of the discipline of shooting trajectory reconstruction by applying geometric principles and modern day crime scene reconstruction techniques to help with the history of the discipline. Through the use of comparative analysis, this project determined beneficial and hindering aspects of modern tools. This was accomplished by analyzing three shooting scene reconstruction tools; specifically use of the Smart Tool, angle finder, and manual calculations utilizing a digital caliper to determine the efficiency of each technique. This project examined data taken by participants and determined the accuracy, precision, and error rate for the three tools. The study provided law enforcement with research enabling them to choose the most effective tool for crime scene analysis based on the tools tested in this project. This research also began the process validating the discipline of shooting trajectory reconstruction. A statistically significant difference in accuracy (mean bias) and precision (standard deviation) was found between the three tools. The difference between the accuracy and precision for the Smart Tool and angle finder was not statistically significant, however, the difference between those two tools and the digital caliper was significant. This difference between tools means that they cannot be averaged together when calculating results from a crime scene. No statistically significant difference in accuracy or precision was found between examiners and students, independent of the tools. Results indicate the angle finder was the most efficient tool tested. There was a statistically significant interaction found between the impact angles tested in this project. This interaction makes an overall error rate for the tools or discipline impossible.--Abstract

Freesources: a Treasure Chest of Free-to-Use Online Tools and Goodies

One of the most amazing things about the Internet is its wealth of free, high-quality resources. Come learn about some free, online sources for video and infographic creation, productivity tools, and image and audio sources and software. This whirlwind tour will cover more than twenty resources, so you should be able to find at least one new tool for your professional (or personal) toolkit

Nietzsche's circle: and a way out!

In the always connected and fast-paced modern world we live in, questions about who we are, what our values are, and how to act are more pertinent than ever. What better way to reconcile these questions than turning to a seemingly out of touch 19th century German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche? Interestingly enough, Nietzsche lamented that his contemporaries would never understand his work; similarly, he thought of his own work as directed towards ‘philosophers of the future.’ As any present moment passes and as history progresses, we, in a sense, run away from ourselves. This projecting of oneself into the future is unavoidable. Could one ever strictly pin down oneself in such a way to eliminate this problem of time? Of course not! This is an absurd question. What we should really be asking is can we at least exist in a way that is at one with the movement of time and the immediacy of modern technology? The purpose of this paper is to illuminate what would be involved in the task of figuring out how to authentically be-alongside-oneself in this way, qua Nietzsche. However, once we, if successful, are able to achieve a mode of being-alongside- ourselves, it is fruitless, in a sense; we are always being thrown into the future and are therefore no longer alongside-ourselves as such. This is why we shall pivot at the end of this paper in order to suggest how it is possible to orient our being- thrown-into-the-future in the most useful and timely way

Evaluation of the Emotional Responsiveness of Splanchnicectomized Laboratory Rats Using the Elevated Plus-Maze

The goal of this study was to ascertain whether emotional responsiveness is attenuated when a subject undergoes bilateral splanchnicectomy. To accomplish this, the splanchnic nerve was severed bilaterally, below the branches to the adrenal glands. The majority of visceral information reaches spinal and medullary centers via the splanchnic, vagus, and pelvic nerves. Therefore, when severing the splanchnic nerve one eliminates one of the major afferent pathways transmitting visceral information to the central nervous system. Thus, we were testing the hypothesis that decreased feedback from portions of the gastrointestinal system would decrease emotional reactivity in a mildly arousing situation. No significant differences in plus-maze behavior were observed between the splanchnicectomized, control and sham-operated groups, however. This indicates that splanchnic afferent fibers do not represent a significant pathway by which visceral sensation modulates central nervous system arousal

Should dialysis be offered in all cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis?

Metformin is commonly used in diabetes mellitus type 2, with lactic acidosis being a rare but potentially fatal complication of this therapy. The management of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is controversial. Treatment may include supportive care, activated charcoal, bicarbonate infusion, hemodialysis, or continuous venovenous hemofiltration. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Peters and colleagues systematically evaluated outcomes in MALA patients admitted to their intensive care unit. The mortality rate of patients who received dialysis was similar to that of patients who were not dialyzed. However, it was the more acutely and chronically ill patients who actually received dialysis. This suggests that hemodialysis was beneficial in preventing a higher mortality rate in those who required renal replacement therapy

Nestle, Infant Formula, and Excuses: The Regulation of Commercial Advertising in Developing Nations

Advertising has been recognized as one of the most persuasive forms of communication.\u27 Can it also endanger the cultural autonomy of a nation? This comment addresses the potential role of advertising in developing countries and its regulation by the international community. The central question of this analysis is whether or not the advertising of the most developed nations, particularly the advertising produced by the so called western media, 2 is a threat to the cultural survival of developing countries.\u27 The answer to this question as reflected in the World Health Organization\u27s (WHO) Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes4 is yes. The Code recommends a complete ban on advertising and marketing of any breastmilk substitutes in developing countries.5 The apparent rationale behind this recommendation is the protection of the developing countries cultural autonomy.6 Unfortunately, a restrictive and paternalistic approach to advertising in these nations is detrimental to their economic development. Moreover, two very important factors are ignored: the wants and needs of the developing countries and the positive uses and effects of advertising. Deregulating commercial advertising in developing countries would allow advertising to benefit these countries culturally, by reinforcing and illustrating positive behavior and value systems, and economically, by providing funding for technological advancement. Strict regulation of the industry will deprive these communities of advertising\u27s aid in their development